History of the Caribbean Wednesday 13 April 2011

Prayer to the Holy Spirit O Holy Spirit, soul of my soul I adore you. Enlighten, guide, strengthen and console me. Tell me what I ought to do and command me to do it. I promise to submit to everything that you ask of me and to accept all that you allow to happen to me. Only show me what is your will.

Examinations Prayer to St. Joseph of Cupertino O Great St. Joseph of Cupertino who while on earth did obtain from God the grace to be asked at your examination only the questions you knew, obtain for me a like favour in the examinations for which I am now preparing. In return I promise to make you known and cause you to be invoked. Through Christ our Lord. St. Joseph of Cupertino, Pray for us. Our Lady of Good Studies pray for me Sacred Head of Jesus, Seat of divine wisdom, enlighten me. Amen.

Quick logic questions! 1. Three mature and hefty women were walking in San Francisco under one regular-sized umbrella. Why didn't they get wet? 2. What can a jug be filled with so that it is lighter than when it is filled with air? 3. What occurs once in a minute, twice in a week, and once in a year? 4. A man travelling in a taxi and is talking to the driver. After a while the driver tells him, " You must excuse me, I am deaf and cannot hear a word that you are saying. The passenger stops talking. After the passenger gets out of the cab, he realizes that the driver had lied to him. How did he know?

Answers 1. It was not raining 2. A hole 3. The letter 'E 4. If the cab driver had been deaf, He would not have heard the address the passenger had giving to him. He only motioned he was deaf when the passenger wouldn't stop talking

Review activity (10 minutes) I took Panama How true is this statement made by Theodore Roosevelt about events in 1904? How true is this statement made by Theodore Roosevelt about events in 1904? Give examples to support your answer. Give examples to support your answer.

The Castro Revolution

Objectives Describe the policies of the Castro revolution Describe the policies of the Castro revolution Assess the United States response to the Castro revolution, 1959 to 1962 Assess the United States response to the Castro revolution, 1959 to 1962 Explain the impact on the Caribbean of the Castro revolution between 1959 and 1985 Explain the impact on the Caribbean of the Castro revolution between 1959 and 1985

Some terms to understand and use Socialism/Communism Socialism/Communism The Cold War The Cold War –info info Reform Reform Embargo Embargo Spheres of influence Spheres of influence Nationalisation Nationalisation

Who is Fidel Castro? –One description not online? One description not online?One description not online?

Why is Castros coming to power in 1959 considered a revolution?

What were the social and economic policies (decisions made and actions taken) of Castros regime?

Social and economic policies Castro followed the policies of the Soviet Union and China Castro followed the policies of the Soviet Union and China Sought to make Cuba less dependent on the USA Sought to make Cuba less dependent on the USA Instead became very dependent on the Soviet Union. Instead became very dependent on the Soviet Union.

A socialist economy: state ownership nationalisation of property. Government takeover of nationalisation of property. Government takeover of –most farms larger than about 400 hectares (about 1000 acres). –foreign-owned petroleum refineries that refused to process Soviet oil –all private firms except small agricultural plots belonging to individual Cubans. encouraged industrialization, including the manufacture of light consumer goods, as well as machinery and equipment. encouraged industrialization, including the manufacture of light consumer goods, as well as machinery and equipment. tried to increase the variety of agricultural crops grown by Cuban farmers. tried to increase the variety of agricultural crops grown by Cuban farmers.

Pair-share activity You are the manager of a US owned sugar plantation. You are the manager of a US owned sugar plantation. Prepare a brief statement either agreeing with OR condemning the nationalisation of all business firms and large farms in Cuba. Prepare a brief statement either agreeing with OR condemning the nationalisation of all business firms and large farms in Cuba. Give at least one reason. Give at least one reason. Make a brief speech for the group. Make a brief speech for the group.

The Soviet Union (USSR) became Cubas main trading partner especially after… The Soviet Union (USSR) became Cubas main trading partner especially after…

Reaction to Castros economic policies When Cuba re-established diplomatic ties with the USSR, and made an agreement to import Soviet oil and took over foreign-owned petroleum refineries that refused to process Soviet oil: When Cuba re-established diplomatic ties with the USSR, and made an agreement to import Soviet oil and took over foreign-owned petroleum refineries that refused to process Soviet oil: the U.S. government outlawed the purchase of Cuban sugar, the mainstay of Cubas economy. the U.S. government outlawed the purchase of Cuban sugar, the mainstay of Cubas economy. Cuba then assumed control of all U.S. property on the island and established a military alliance with the USSR. Cuba then assumed control of all U.S. property on the island and established a military alliance with the USSR. In January 1961 the United States broke diplomatic relations with Cuba. In January 1961 the United States broke diplomatic relations with Cuba. As Cuban policy shifted to the left, many moderate leaders resigned from the government or were forced out of office. As Cuban policy shifted to the left, many moderate leaders resigned from the government or were forced out of office.

Trade embargo The United States organized a partial embargo on trade with Cuba in late 1960 and expanded it to a full embargo in early The United States organized a partial embargo on trade with Cuba in late 1960 and expanded it to a full embargo in early The embargo made it illegal to import goods from Cuba to the United States, or to export to Cuba any products that were manufactured or had parts that were manufactured in the United States. The embargo made it illegal to import goods from Cuba to the United States, or to export to Cuba any products that were manufactured or had parts that were manufactured in the United States. The result was severe shortages of consumer goods in Cuba within a few years. The result was severe shortages of consumer goods in Cuba within a few years.

Economic difficulties Effects of the trade embargo on Cuba Effects of the trade embargo on Cuba Failures due to Failures due to –poor planning, organization, –lack of incentives

Also: many of Cubas most qualified businessmen and technicians fled the country when Castro began nationalizing businesses in the early 1960s. many of Cubas most qualified businessmen and technicians fled the country when Castro began nationalizing businesses in the early 1960s. The Cuban economy declined drastically in the years that followed and the government began rationing food, clothing, and most goods and services. The Cuban economy declined drastically in the years that followed and the government began rationing food, clothing, and most goods and services.

Socialist social programmes

Improving social conditions among poor and uneducated Cubans crash program to increase literacy, and follow-up efforts crash program to increase literacy, and follow-up efforts all health paid for by the state all health paid for by the state clinics in rural areas clinics in rural areas graduates of medical schools to provide two years of health care service graduates of medical schools to provide two years of health care service

Promotion of cooperative activities Neighbourhood clean ups, Neighbourhood clean ups, recycling of materials, recycling of materials, helped in mass vaccination campaigns. helped in mass vaccination campaigns. Workers built housing units next to their work places. Workers built housing units next to their work places. A favourable view not online? A favourable view not online? A favourable view not online? A favourable view not online?

Review question: Why is Castros coming to power in 1959 considered a revolution? Why is Castros coming to power in 1959 considered a revolution? Give one example to support your answer Give one example to support your answer

Why did the USA respond negatively to the Castro Revolution?

What were some of the ways in which the US reacted to Castros revolution

Role of ideology Capitalism vs. communism Capitalism vs. communism Rejection of socialism Rejection of socialism Reaction to spread of socialism Reaction to spread of socialism How socialism affected investments How socialism affected investments

Role of politics and defence issues: The Cold War

The Bay of Pigs invasion ennedy/filmmore/ra_cuban.html Kennedy was very concerned about getting rid of the Cuban issue. He knew that as long as Castro remained in Havana, as long as a communist regime was allowed to flower, he would have a very bad domestic political problem. In 1961 the CIA came to him and said that Eisenhower had ordered them to plan for an invasion of Cuba. In retrospect the plans for the invasion look a little bit silly… more. See alsomoreSee also A group of Cuban counter- revolutionaries, members of Assault Brigade 2506, after their capture in the Bay of Pigs. 1,000 people were imprisoned by Castro's forces during the US supported invasion

The Cuban Missile Crisis The closest the world has come to nuclear war was the Cuban Missile Crisis of October The Soviets had installed nuclear missiles in Cuba, just 90 miles off the coast of the United States. U.S. armed forces were at their highest state of readiness. Soviet field commanders in Cuba were authorized to use tactical nuclear weapons if invaded by the U.S. The fate of millions literally hinged upon the ability of two men, President John F. Kennedy and Premier Nikita Khrushchev, to reach a compromise…. more President John F. KennedyPremier Nikita Khrushchevmore President John F. KennedyPremier Nikita Khrushchevmore