MIMOtech May 2014 – Geoff Carey Future Wireless Technologies “mmWave Regulatory Considerations – a local vendor’s perspective” Future Wireless Technologies May 2014 – Geoff Carey

Overview Wireless Backhaul Challenges Global Backhaul Trends Throughput Bandwidth Frequency TDD versus FDD Global Backhaul Trends Below 40 GHz mmWave The Advancement of WiGig Devices Impact Co-existence? Regulatory Considerations for mmWave Suggested Focus Areas Methodologies © 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice. 2018/11/30

Wireless Backhaul Challenges Operators want more Mbps (preferably Gbps) per link: Sub-40 GHz mainly 28 MHz mmWave offers >50 MHz possibility High Order QAM Lower System Gain (Tx & Rx) Shorter range Main Motivator for mmWave: Opportunity to get to 10Gbps using N x 50 MHz & N x 250 MHz channels with XPIC / MIMO © 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice. 2018/11/30

Wireless Backhaul Challenges (2) Image courtesy of Aviat © 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice. 2018/11/30

TDD versus FDD – Vendor / User TDD Allocations & Equipment FDD Allocations & Equipment Advantages: Suited to Asymmetric data payloads (Ethernet IP) Cost-effectiveness of equipment (architecture) Ease of freq planning “Unlicensed” or “Light licensed” Disadvantages: Lower throughput than FDD Advantages: Low latency applications Throughput higher than FDD (BUT same spectral efficiency). Symmetric data and timing applications (cellular backhaul, framed data) Disadvantages: Strict freq planning required “Carrier grade” pricing. © 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice. 2018/11/30

Global Backhaul Trends Global Shipments of 7- 42 GHz less in 2013 compared to 2012. Demand for higher throughputs Frequency Congestion mmWave growing exponentially Unlicensed (Note 1) 17 GHz total for 2013 only 24 GHz negative growth © 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice. 2018/11/30 6

Advancement of WiGig Likely to be de facto Wireless LAN (WiFi) replacement Estimated 1.5 Billion RF chip devices @ 60 GHz (by 2018) = lower cost of devices & products Becomes Ubiquitous: Laptops will have it (already in test) Regulatory aspects MUST be defined Integrated nature of chip device + antenna not likely to allow much crossover between indoor and outdoor applications Bandwidth, natural decay and basic regulation should allow indoor and outdoor co-existence in the same band (similar to 5.8 GHz) © 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice. 2018/11/30

Regulatory Considerations Spectrum Efficiency & Fees Flexible Channel Allocations Early mmWave products caused spectrum “pollution”. Need to Regulate in ways that encourage better use of Spectrum: Specify minimum Spectral Efficiency = bits/Hz Annual Spectrum Fees: Should be inversely proportional to spectral efficiency. New Factor required. Fee should be between 1/10 and 1/5 of current fees. Create a new FREQ factor for >30 GHz = 0.005 or 0.01 Operators require necessary flexibility to trade-off Link Capacity versus distance. Option for Channels to be grouped in multiples: N x 50 MHz @ 60 GHz N x 125 MHz @ 70/80 GHz Channel grouping allowed for Operators/ISPs to manage their own allocation/usage © 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice. 2018/11/30

Regulatory Considerations (2) TDD versus FDD Regulatory Regime Users have mixed applications: Allow both TDD and FDD configurations in both V- Band and E-Band Allow Centre Gaps / Duplex spacing to also be TDD because of natural attenuation. 60 GHz = Unlicensed Main motivation is the growth of ubiquitous devices (WiGig). 70/80 GHz = Light licensed High attenuation & directivity will limit interference but there needs to be control & min spectral efficiency criteria. © 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice. 2018/11/30

MIMOtech Wireless Backhaul StarBurst Ultra High Capacity 2x2 / 4x4 MIMO StarLink High Capacity Microwave U6 to 23 GHz Licensed 17 / 24 GHz Unlicensed mmWave 60 GHz 70 / 80 GHz © 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice. 2018/11/30

The Backhaul Space © 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice. 2018/11/30

Backhaul Application Matrix Throughput 2 Gbps s 1 Gbps Janus 23/24G StarLink 60/70/80G StarLink Microwave Distance (log scale) 0.5km 1km 5km 10km © 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice. 2018/11/30