OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Presentation by DR. VIOLET (de Sa) PINTO Lecturer, Department of PSM

Objectives: At the end of the session the student shall have knowledge of : Concept of ergonomics and occupational environment Occupational hazards and related occupational diseases Measures for health protection of workers. Measures for prevention of occupational diseases.

Definition Promotion and maintenance of physical, mental and social well-being of the workers Prevention amongst workers’ departures from health Protection from risks Placing and maintenance

Ergonomics Fitting the job to the worker Ergon = work Designing machines, tools, equipment, processes Layout Methods of works and environment Ergon = work Nomos=

Occupational Environment Man and physical, chemical and biological agents Man and machines Man and man

Occupational Hazards Hazards Physical Chemical Biological Mechanical Psychological &Social

Occupational diseases Due to physical agents heat, cold, light, pressure, noise, radiation, mechanical factors, electricity Due to chemical agents Gases, dusts (organic/ inorganic), metals, chemicals , solvents Due to biological agents Brucellosis, leptospirosis, anthrax, tetanus etc. Occupa- tional cancers Of skin, lung, bladder tional dermatitis Dermatitis, eczema Psycho- logical origion Hypertension, peptic ulcer

Pneumoconiosis Dust particles 0.5 – 3 micron Chemical composition , fineness, concentration, period of exposure, individual susceptibility. Inorganic and organic dusts

INORGANIC DUSTS Silicosis Free silica/silicon dioxide Mining, pottery, sandblasting etc. Irritant cough, dyspnoea on exertion, chest pain Snow storm appearance Dust control measures: substitution, enclosure, isolation, hydroblasting, good housekeeping. Regular examinaton Mines act, factories act

INORGANIC DUSTS Asbestosis Silicates of Mg, Ca, Na. Serpentine /Amphibole Asbestos,cement,firepro of,textiles, roof lining Respiratory insufficiency,Ca bronchus, mesothelioma Safer types, substitution, rigorous dust control measures, periodic examination, continuing research. Anthracosis Coal Simple pneumoconiosis, progressive massive fibrosis. Indian mines act, Workman’s compensation act

ORGANIC DUSTS Bagassosis Sugar cane dust, thermoactinomyces sacchari, Cane sugar industry, paper,rayon,cardboard Breadthlessness, cough, haemoptysis, slight fever, Mottling in lung shadow. Dust control, Personal protection, Medical control, Bagasse control-moisture >20%,2% propionic acid.

ORGANIC DUSTS Byssinosis Cotton fibre Mouldy hay, grain dust Textile industry Chronic cough, dyspnoea, prog. Chronic bronchitis,emphysema Farmer’s Lung Mouldy hay, grain dust 30% moist, micropolyspora faeni, > Temperature General and respiratory symptoms, physical signs.

Occupational hazards of agricultural workers Zoonotic diseases Accidents Toxic hazards Physical hazards Respiratory diseases

ACCIDENTS IN INDUSTRY Prevention- SICK ABSENTEEISM LEAD POISONING Causes- physical, physiological, psychological environmental Prevention- SICK ABSENTEEISM Causes- Economic, social, medical, non occupational Prevention- LEAD POISONING Exposure, Clinical picture, Diagnosis, Preventive measures, Management RADIATION HAZARDS Effects of radiation Preventive measures

HEALTH PROBLEMS DUE TO INDUSTRALISATION 1.Environment sanitation problems 2.Communicable diseases 3.Food sanitation 4.Mental health 5.Accidents 6.Social problems 7.Morbidity and mortality

MEASURES FOR HEALTH PROTECTION OF WORKERS 1.Nutrition 2.Communicable disease control 3.Environmental sanitation Water supply, food, toilet, general plant cleanliness, sufficient space, lighting, ventilation, protection against hazards, housing. 4.Mental health 5.Measures for women and children. 6.Health education 7.Family planning

PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. MEDICAL MEASURES ENGINEERING MEASURES LEGIS- LATION

MEDICAL MEASURES 1.Preplacement examination 2.Periodic examination 3.Medical and health care services 4.Notification 5.Supervision of working environment 6.Maintenance and analysis of records 7.Health education & counselling

ENGINEERING MEASURES 1.Designs of building 2.Good housekeeping 3.General ventilation 4.Mechanisaton 5. Substitution 6.Dusts 7.Enclosure 8.Isolation 9.Local exhaust ventilation 10.Protective devices 11.Environmental monitoring 12.Statistical monitoring 13.Research

LEGISLATION 1. FACTORIES ACT,1948 Scope, health, welfare Employment, Hours of work, Occupational diseases, Hours of work,, Employment in hazardous proc. 2. ESIS ACT, 1948 1.Medical 2.Sickness 3.Maternity 4.Disablement 5.Dependents benefit 6.Extra benefits Extended sickness, Limbs, F.P., Protection against dismissal, Funeral expenses, Rehabilitation expenses, Retirement.

E.S.I. CORPORATION Vice Chairman Members Chairman Representatives of employees organisations, medical profession,parliament Chairman Union minister for labour Vice Chairman Secretary to Government of India,Ministry of Lbour Ceo,Director General ESI Insurance, Medical, Finance Comissioner Medical Benefits Council Chairman DGHS

Thank you