Prevention Diabetes Dr Abir Youssef 29/11/2018

What is diabetes Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that characterised by raised plasma glucose levels.  Diabetes, results from the body’s inability to produce or use insulin properly, resulting in high levels of blood sugar.  29/11/2018

Classification of diabetes Type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of insulin resistance and some degree of insulin deficiency. Type 1, the body produces no insulin. More than 80% of recognised diabetes is Type 2 and most of the remainder is Type 1. 29/11/2018

Classification of diabetes Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) developing during some cases of pregnancy but usually disappears after pregnancy. Impaired glucose regulation/Impaired fasting glucose Other rare forms include maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) 29/11/2018

Diabetes: the size of the problem WHO estimate: prevalence of diabetes for all age- groups worldwide was estimated to be 2.8% in 2000 and 4.4% in 2030. Estimated rise in number from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. 150% rise in developing countries by 2030. Number of deaths attributed to diabetes was previously estimated at just over 800,000. 29/11/2018

The costs of diabetes Direct costs: Direct costs to individuals and their families include medical care, drugs, insulin and other supplies Direct costs to the healthcare sector include hospital services, physician services, … Overall, direct health care costs of diabetes range from 2.5% to 15% annual health care budgets, depending on local diabetes prevalence and the sophistication of the treatment available. 29/11/2018

The costs of diabetes Indirect costs: Sickness, absence, disability, premature retirement or premature mortality can cause loss of productivity. Estimating the cost to society of this loss of productivity is not easy. Pain, anxiety, inconvenience and other factors which decrease quality of life are intangible costs, which are just as heavy. 29/11/2018

Facts on Prevention Diabetes The heavy social and economic costs of type 2 diabetes (including its role in other diseases, such as heart disease and stroke) mean that primary prevention must be a priority. 29/11/2018

Facts on Prevention Diabetes pre-diabetes can prevent the development of type 2 diabetes by making changes in their lifestyle. Effective prevention also means more cost-effective healthcare. Lifestyle: diet and increasing their level of physical activity 29/11/2018

Facts on Prevention Diabetes Primary prevention protects susceptible individuals from developing diabetes. It has an impact by reducing or delaying both the need for diabetes care and the need to treat diabetes complications. 29/11/2018

Facts on Prevention Diabetes Secondary prevention includes early detection, prevention and treatment. Appropriate action taken at the right time is beneficial in terms of quality of life, and is cost-effective, especially if it can prevent hospital admission 29/11/2018

Primary prevention Primary prevention Weight Stop Loss Physical Smoking Physical Activity 29/11/2018

Primary prevention Lifestyle Changes Can Prevent Diabetes Weight Loss Is Accompanied by Considerable Lowering of the Risk of Diabetes Physical Activity and Diabetes Prevention Smoking Predisposes to Type 2 Diabetes 29/11/2018

Taking Action to Prevent Diabetes Change will come more easily if everyone is involved. 29/11/2018

Weight Loss Is Accompanied by Considerable Lowering of the Risk of Diabetes 1. Body-Mass Index: Obesity in adults is assessed using the body-mass index (BMI = body weight in kg divided by the square of body height in meters) The higher the body-mass index, the higher the morbidity and mortality risks become. The risk of diabetes increases 15-fold as the body-mass index rises from 23 kg/m2 to 35 kg/m2. The effect of weight change is crucial in the prevention of diabetes. Obesity Is a Significant Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes 29/11/2018

Weight Loss Is Accompanied by Considerable Lowering of the Risk of Diabetes 2. Waist Circumference The body-mass index does not indicate the distribution of body fat, and waist circumference is therefore also used as a measure of obesity and the associated health risks. 29/11/2018

Weight Loss Is Accompanied by Considerable Lowering of the Risk of Diabetes Treatment of obesity will prevent illness development in individuals at risk and improve quality of life and prevent late complications in those already affected. In recent years, attention has been increasingly focused on the incidence of central obesity which has been found to strongly predict risks of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. 29/11/2018

Physical Activity and Diabetes Prevention Physical activity decreases insulin resistance and can aid in both preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus and managing the disease. Physical activity has an insulin-like effect -- it can help lower blood sugar levels. Epidemiological studies suggest that physical activity can reduce the risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes by up to 50 percent. 29/11/2018

Smoking Predisposes to Type 2 Diabetes Studies shown correlation between smoking and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The risk is dose-dependent: the longer you smoke, the higher the risk. 29/11/2018

Recommendations Change will come more easily if everyone is involved. prevention diabetes can be on different levels; individuals, community, local government and national levels. 29/11/2018

Recommendations The government should work to reduce health inequality and improve the environment factor by improving the deprived areas and controlling safety and making the streets safe for walking or cycling to school or the workplace, promoting and improving access to sport and leisure facilities, as well as encouraging physical activity 29/11/2018

Recommendation Parents of overweight children should be helped to take responsibility and encourage healthy eating and physical activity. Anti- smoking behaviour should be promoted by implementing legal action. 29/11/2018

Conclusions Understanding environmental factors can contribute to a better understanding of the nature of diabetes as well as contribute to tackling it. A healthy population requires a healthy environment where all have the ability and opportunity to follow a healthy lifestyle. 29/11/2018