Volcanoes.

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Presentation transcript:

Volcanoes

Hot Spots- area of high temp. lava - made Hawaii

View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia

Magma – molten rock beneath the surface Lava – molten rock on the surface

Types of Volcanoes Composite Cone or

A Cinder Cone: Wizard Island at Crater Lake, Oregon

Icelandic Volcanoes

Eyjafjallajokull

Tuff Ring: Diamond Head, Hawaii

Shield Volcano: Mauna Loa, Hawaii

Stratovolcano or Composite Cone: Mount Shasta, California

Shastina and Landslide Deposit

Products of Eruptions Gases Lava Flows Steam Pyroclastic Debris Carbon Dioxide H2S SO2 HCl HF Lava Flows Pyroclastic Debris Bombs Lapilli Ash Mudflows Landslides

Environmental Hazards of Volcanoes Pollution SO2, HCl in Water Lava Flows Falling Ejecta Ash Falls Building Collapse Crop Destruction Mudflows Direct Damage (Colombia, 1985) Floods (Several Types) Blast (Mt. St. Helens, 1980) Pyroclastic Flow (St. Pierre, 1902) Gas (Lake Nyos, Cameroon, 1986)

Pyroclastic Flow or Nuee- Ardente (French: Fiery Cloud)

How Calderas Form:

Crater Lake, Oregon

Colorado Volcanoes ?– La Garita

Evolution of Volcanoes An active volcanic landscape

Evolution of Volcanoes A volcanic landscape after a million years or so

Mount Hood is a stratovolcano in the Cascades of northern Oregon

The caldera at Crater Lake National Park cuts through the flanks of the former Mount Mazama (composite cone)

Layers of tephra on Usu (stratovolcano) in Japan Layers of tephra on Usu (stratovolcano) in Japan. The crater by the volcanologists was formed in 1977-1978.

Eruption of Galunggung (stratovolcano) in Indonesia.

1980 eruption of Mt. Saint Helens produced 0. 1 cubic miles (0 1980 eruption of Mt. Saint Helens produced 0.1 cubic miles (0.5 cubic km) of ash. Stratovolcanoes are associated with subduction zones, areas where dense oceanic plates are pushed beneath more buoyant continental plates.

The cinder cone in the above photo is Puu Lilinue on Mauna Kea in Hawaii.

Cinder cones are produced by "fire fountains," low-energy eruptions that propel fragments of lava 100s of feet into the air.

A volcanic dome is a steep-sided, rounded extrusion of highly viscous lava squeezed out from a volcano to form a dome-shaped, or bulbous, mass of lava above and around the volcanic vent

During the 1989-1990 eruption of Redpubt volcano (Alaska) several lava domes grew and collapsed near the summit of the volcano.

Flood Basalts The Columbia River basalts cover parts of the states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho and are a famous example of flood basalts that produced a lava plain.

Lava Eruptions under water or ice produce pillow lava (become pillow basalt)

Coastal Flows

"Pahoehoe" and "aa" are Hawaiian words used to describe the type of lava volcanoes have

Aa Flow

Pahoehoe

Lava Tubes