Temple Mount Jerusalem Dome of the Rock Temple Mount Jerusalem

Spread of Islam

Early Problems Who would lead? A permanent split in the Islamic community Sunnis – Respected community leader Shia (Shi’ite) – Family Member must lead

Caliph Abu Bakr Sunni Continued raids on Byzantine and Persian territory Killed any dissident elements or tribes Disposed any “new prophets”

Caliph Ali Shia - Shi’ite Organize separate party called “Shia”

Reasons for success Exhaustion of Byzantium and Persia End of a 400 year war Speed and Size of Muslim armies Acceptance of “People of the Book”

Reasons for success exhaustion of Rome and Persia End of a 400 year war speed and size of Muslim armies acceptance of the Old and New Testament “People of the Book” Apostasy (Backsliders = treason = death)

Umayyad Ali assassinated in 661 A.D.

Umayyad Ali assassinated in 661 A.D. Created a War Machine

Atlantic Ocean to India Damascus, Syria: center of the Islamic World Umayyad empire Atlantic Ocean to India Damascus, Syria: center of the Islamic World

The Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258 CE) Defeats Umayyad army in 750 Invited Umayyad to banquet, massacred them

“The Golden Age of Islam High Point of Islamic Empires The Abbasid Dynasty (786-809 CE) “The Golden Age of Islam High Point of Islamic Empires

“The Golden Age of Islam High Point of Islamic Empires The Abbasid Dynasty (786-809 CE) “The Golden Age of Islam High Point of Islamic Empires Baghdad City of Peace, Gift of God, Paradise on Earth

High Point of Islamic Empires The Abbasid Dynasty (786-809 CE) High Point of Islamic Empires Baghdad City of Peace, Gift of God, Paradise on Earth Arabic Numerals

High Point of Islamic Empires The Abbasid Dynasty (786-809 CE) High Point of Islamic Empires Baghdad City of Peace, Gift of God, Paradise on Earth Arabic Numerals Ships of the Desert

High Point of Islamic Empires The Abbasid Dynasty (786-809 CE) High Point of Islamic Empires Baghdad City of Peace, Gift of God, Paradise on Earth Arabic Numerals Ships of the Desert Banking Practices (Sakk – Check)

High Point of Islamic Empires The Abbasid Dynasty (786-809 CE) High Point of Islamic Empires Baghdad City of Peace, Gift of God, Paradise on Earth Arabic Numerals Ships of the Desert Banking Practices (Sakk – Check) Literature: The Thousand and One Nights Aladdin

Consequences of Expansion Christendom loses oldest lands Jerusalem and Constantinople Collapse of Zoroastrianism as a major Persian religion

West Africa Gold and Salt Trade 600 – 1600: 8 tons of gold exported annually

Ghana: present day Mali Fertile V-Valley of Niger River and Senegal River Arab writers: “the land of gold”

Influence of Islam Umayyad Military Empire

Influence of Islam Ummayyad Military Empire Islamic Merchants (traders) brought their faith Muslims employed Written language Coinage Business methods

Mansa Musa Kingdom of Mali Converted to Islam Expanded the borders west ward to Atlantic Ocean Did not impose Islam on his people Justice system based on Quran

Mansa Musa Five Pillars of Islam: Hajj Forged new diplomatic and economic ties to Arab states Brought back scholars Architects Teachers to promote Islamic education in Mali Islamic university In Timbuktu

90% of Islamic world today is Sunni Most of Iran is Shiite

Umayyad Abbasid Mali Dates Center of Government Accomplishments Assignment: Create a Graphic Organizer for each of the following Muslim Expansion and Empires Umayyad Abbasid Mali Mansa Musa Dates Center of Government Accomplishments Find at least one accomplishment from outside research that is NOT in your book