Age of Exploration God, Gold, and Glory Objective: To trace the great voyages of discovery and know their influence on the development of a new European worldview

Portugal Leads the Way Essential Question: How did Portugal find an ocean route to Asia? Europeans wanted luxury goods from Asia Muslims and Italians controlled the land trade routes Portugal, Spain, and England wanted a share of this trade They needed to find a sea route to Asia

Henry the Navigator Son of Portugal’s king Supported exploration, sponsored voyages Set up schools, Perfected the caravel, a ship designed for long voyages. Set up school for mapmakers, explorers, and navigators.

The Portuguese Reach India 1488 – Bartolomeu Dias rounded the bottom of Africa and sailed up the east coast 1498 – Vasco da Gama made it all the way around Africa and reached India (Land trade can be expensive, sea trade was much cheaper thus much more profitable

Columbus Reaches America Essential Question: Why did Columbus sail west? What did he find? Columbus was an Italian navigator hoping to find a westward route to Asia

Columbus’ First Voyage Columbus convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to sponsor his voyage In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue…with 3 caravels and about 90 men, on October 12th they reached land

Columbus’s Mistake Columbus thought he reached India, he called the people he met “Indios (Indians)” He actually landed on an island in the Caribbean Sea (Hispaniola) He thought he found a route to Asia, set up a settlement and sailed back to Spain

The Treaty of Tordesillas Spain wanted to make sure they didn’t claim lands that Portugal already claimed so in 1494 they signed the Treaty of Tordesillas It drew an imaginary line around the world and split the world in half

Exploration After Columbus Essential Question: Which other European countries explored and claimed parts of the Americas? Circumnavigation 1519, the Spanish sponsored Ferdinand Magellan (a Portuguese sailor) with 5 ships and 250 men to circumnavigate the globe Magellan was killed in the Philippine Islands After 3 years, one ship and 18 of the original crew left, they made it back to Spain

Spanish Conquerors In the 1500s, many Spanish explorers came to the Americas Gained control of all of present-day Mexico, Central America, & parts of South America Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs in Mexico Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas in South America

Hernan Cortez & the Aztecs

Reflection Pretend you are an Aztec during the Age of Exploration, how would you react to the arrival of Cortes and the Spanish explorers? (3-5 Sentences)

Francisco Pizarro and the Incas

John Cabot (Italian explorer sponsored by England) claimed coastal lands for England, but didn’t reach Asia Giovanni da Verrazzano (Italian explorer sponsored by France) explored New York harbor, but didn’t reach Asia Jacques Cartier (French) explored Canada but didn’t reach Asia

Mapmaking and a New Worldview After these explorations, the European worldview expanded from the Mediterranean Sea to the Americas to the Spice Islands Cartographers and mapmakers played a leading role in changing the worldview Amerigo Vespucci named the new continents “The Americas”

Impact of Exploration Objective: To understand the impact of exchanges between Europe, Africa, and Asia and examine the economical impact of exploration

The Exchange of Goods and Ideas Essential Question: What goods and ideas were exchanged between the two hemispheres? The Columbian Exchange Movement of living things between hemispheres Europe and Africa => America Horses, wheat, onions, grapes, sugar cane, and oranges Measles and smallpox (killed 20 million) America => Europe and Africa Corn, potatoes, pumpkins, and pineapples

Triangular Trade Trade between the Americas, Europe, and Africa mainly involving the sugar cane and slaves

The Spread of Culture Spain and Portugal spread Christianity to the Americas Europeans drank coffee from Arabia and used sugar produced from African slave labor in the Americas

A Global Economy Look at the tag of your sweater, shirt, or jacket. Write down where it is made and where the materials come from. Write and explanation for why you think your clothes are made there? My __________ is made in ___________ and the materials are from ___________. I think it is made in __________ because ___________.

Rivalry for Colonies Essential Question: What European countries competed for colonies? Colonies provided European nations with raw materials and ready markets Portugal => Africa, India, East Asia, and Brazil Spain => Philippines, Peru, and Mexico Dutch => East Indies French => India, Canada, and America England => North America, Caribbean, and India

The Spanish Armada England and Spain came into conflict over the Americas ALSO, England is Protestant and Spain is Catholic 1588 the Spanish Armada sailed up the English Channel to attack England, the English navy defeated them because they were faster and better armed. The crushing blow weakened Spain and established England as a naval force allowing England to grow their empire overseas

Europe’s Economy Changes Essential Question: How did the Age of Exploration lead to the development of modern capitalism? Results of colonization Capitalism: an economic system based on private ownership of economic resources invested to make a profit. [competition is key!] Chartered Company: companies that held licenses from the government that gave them the sole right to trade in a particular area

Mercantilism: a nation’s power depended on it’s wealth from control of trade and colonies. Finding gold and silver Obtain gold and silver though a favorable balance of trade (sells more than it buys) Colonies provided a source of gold and silver, raw materials, also a market for manufactured goods

Government and Economy: Less or More Control? Some economists such as Adam Smith defended the idea of a free market economy in his influential book Wealth of Nations (1776), which became the foundation of capitalism