the endocrine system Sydney Bullen
Video!!! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBWIkKfbW8U
5 teaching Points The Hypothalamus and the Pituitary gland The 7 main glands The 2 classes of hormones Disorders in the endocrine system The 2 classes of feedbacks
the hypothalamus Part of the brain but also secretes hormones. Tells pituitary to either secrete or stop secreting hormones. Provides leak between endocrine and nervous systems. Produces hormones that directly regulate body processes (ex: antidiuretic and oxytocin)
The pituitary gland Has to bulb like lobes, front and back. Back lobes store hormones from hypothalamus Front lobe secretes pituitary hormones (ex: growth hormone [GH]) Known as master gland because of its control over all the other glands
7 glands Thyroid Gland: controls metabolism (thyroid hormone) Parathyroid Gland: controls calcium in blood (parathormone) Pineal Gland: controls sleep/wake cycle (melatonin) Pancreas: controls glucose in blood. (Insulin) Adrenal Glands: Inner secretes flight or fight hormone, outer secretes stress hormone (cortisol) Gonads: secretes sex hormones
Classes of hormones
Classes of Hormones Made of lipids, Fat soluble Diffuses across cell membrane. Binds with receptors cells in the cytoplasm of cells. Forms complex move that influences expression of genes.
Non-steroid hormone Made of amino acids Not fat soluble. Bind to receptor on outside of cell membrane, which triggers enzyme that “notifies” second messenger Most hormones are non- steroid
Feedback Mechanisms Positive Feedback: When a product feedback to increase its production. Causes conditions to become increasingly extreme. Negative Feedback: When a product feeds back to decrease production. This is normal when production becomes to extreme.
Disorders Hyper secretion: When a gland overproduces hormones. Often caused by a tumor. Hypo secretion: When not enough hormones are secreted. Often caused by at the destruction of hormone secreting cells in a gland. Hormone Resistance: When the gland secretes normal amount of hormones but target cell does not respond.
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