ADS Accelerator Program in China Weimin Pan Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS Beijing, China (TTC, Dec. 5, 2011)

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Road map of ADS in China 3. key technology R&D for ADS accelerator at Phase I 4. Summary

1. Introduction

Nuclear Power in China Until Sept. 2009 Operation reactor 11 sets，total power 9.1GWe; Constructing reactor 24 sets，total power 25.4GWe，is the largest construction scale in the world; According some estimation: >70 GWe NPP in operation and 30GWe NPP under construction; >5% ratio of NP to total electricity in 2020 ~10% ratio of NP to total electricity in 2030 in 2050, >400 GWe NPP may be more than total nuclear power in the world right now ! 4

Nuclear waste is a bottleneck for nuclear power development. ADS has been recognized as a good option for nuclear waste transmutation. As a long-term program, ADS R&D has been supported by CAS. Budget requested of ADS R&D (Phase I) has been approved by government .

2. Road map of ADS in China

General principle discription of ADS Proton Neutron Proton Linear Accelerator Liquid Metal Target Reactor (PbBi coolant )

General parameters of ADS Proton Energy 1.5 GeV Current 10 mA Beam power 15 MW Frequency 162.5/325/650 MHz Duty factor 100 % Beam loss <1 W/m Beam trip/year <25000 <2500 <25 1s<t<10s 10s<t<5m t>5m

Road map of ADS development 9

(Target & Accelerator) Basic Organization CAS Leader IHEP， CAS (Proton Accelerator) IMP， CAS (Target & Accelerator) Hefei Institutes Physical Science, CAS (Reactor) Spoke cavity group Physics design group RFQ group ECR ion source group ……, 20 groups

Generally, IHEP, as leading institute, is in charge of ADS proton accelerator . Injector I and II are being studied by IHEP and IMP respectively, the different technical ways are adopted in two institutes. The main accelerator with 10～50MeV will be established by IHEP as leading institute.

Target of R&D (Phase I) in accelerator Verify the feasibility of preliminary design for accelerator with low energy through joint study on key technologies: beam dynamics sc cavities, high power couplers ion source with high beam solid state RF power source cryogenic system RFQ with CW beam diagnostic system digital power source …… 12 12

Status of R&D of high power proton accelerator（IHEP/IMP） 3.5MeV RFQ has been commissioned at IHEP with the ECR ion source, the LEBT and a post beam line for diagnostics. 北京强流RFQ加速器 A four-vane RFQ with a total length of 4.8m long at 352MHz. Pulse : ≥7%, beam energy: 3.54MeV, beam current: 45mA. 13 13

ECR ion source (IMP, Lanzhou)

SC lab for vertical test & surface treatment Cryogenic Plant BEPCII Storage Ring SC lab of 230m2 Helium Cycling System will be built for SRF Lab soon to make the vertical test cheaper and easier. 15

SC Laboratory equipments

Progress of multi-cell superconducting cavity in IHEP (1.3GHz ILC type, large grain)

First vertical test result

Progress of 500MHz superconducting cavity in IHEP (BEPCII spare )

Q0 ~ Eacc （Vc）of H.T. for BEPCII Spare Cavity

High power input coupler 内导体天线 电子束焊 (焊缝) 窗面清洗

Window & Inner conductor High power test of input coupler Window & Inner conductor High power test of input coupler ≥420kW

Cryostat for BEPCII spare cavity

Cryomodule named PXFEL1 was passed the cryogenic test at DESY in July

3. R&D of key technologies of ADS accelerator at Phase I A high intensity RFQ with CW Low and Medium beta SC cavities

Main RFQ design parameters Value Frequency (MHz) 325 Injection energy (keV) 35 Output energy (MeV) 3.2128 Pulsed beam current (mA) 15 Beam duty factor 100% Inter-vane voltage V (kV) 55 Beam transmission 98.7% Average bore radius r0 (mm) 2.775 Vane tip curvature (mm) r / r0 1.0 Maximum surface field (MV/m) 28.88 (1.62Kilp.) Cavity power dissipation (kW) 272.94 [1.4* Psuperfish (194.96)] Total power (kW) 320.94 Avg. Copper power/Length (kW/m) 41.68 Avg. Copper power/Area (kW/cm2) 3.25 Max. copper power/Area (kW/cm2) 3.77 Input norm. rms emittance(x,y,z)(πmm.mrad) 0.2/0.2/0 Output norm. rms emittance(x/y/z) (πmm.mrad/Mev-deg) 0.2/0.2/0.0612 Vane length (cm) 467.75 Gap1(entrance) (cm) 1.10 Gap2(exit) (cm) Accelerator length (cm) 469.95 Study on RFQ with CW , based on the 352MHz pulsed RFQ

R&D for the superconducting cavities For IHEP, only spoke cavity will be studied and fabricated in Phase I .

Structure design of Spoke012 Main structure sizes: Lcav: 170mm Liris: 74mm, iris to iris 长度 W: 89 mm, Spoke 宽度 T: 29 mm, Spoke 厚度 Dbeam: 35 mm, 束管直径 Dcav:438mm, 腔体直径

4. Summary CAS has started ADS program, and being to speed up ADS from the present basic study to DEMO facility for nuclear waste transmutation . The R&D of key technologies in high intensity proton accelerator for ADS is underway . There are many common interests in the high power proton acceleration technology for the accelerator Labs in the world. Close international cooperation's are looking forward.

Thank you very much for your attention !