Classification of Matter Pure Substances, Mixtures, States of Matter, Changes in Matter

Breakdown of Matter

Matter can be classified into… Pure Substances A sample of matter, either an element or a compound, that consists of only one component with definite physical and chemical properties and a definite composition.

Pure Substances Elements: Compounds: simplest form of pure substance. They cannot be broken into anything else by physical or chemical means (one type of atom) Ex: iron (Fe), gold (Au), anything on the periodic table of elemnts Compounds: pure substances that are the unions of two or more elements. They can be broken into simpler substances ONLY by chemical means Has a chemical formula Ex: salt (NaCl), water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2)

Matter can be classified into….. Mixtures two or more substances that are not chemically combined with each other and can be separated by physical means. The substances in a mixture retain their individual properties. No chemical change takes place They can be separated physically Can further be classified as Heterogeneous or Homogeneous Mixtures

Heterogeneous Mixtures not uniform in composition You can see the different parts Ex: Oil and water concrete blood Pizza sand in water

Homogeneous Mixtures also called solution uniform in composition no visible parts Ex: vinegar clear air salt water brass

Physical Separation Techniques Filtration- solid part is trapped by filter paper and the liquid part runs through the paper Vaporization- where the liquid portion is evaporated off to leave solid

Physical Separation Techniques Decanting- when liquid is poured off after solid has settled to bottom Centrifuge- machine that spins a sample very quickly so that components with different densities will separate

Physical Separation Techniques Paper Chromatography- used to separate mixtures because different parts move quicker on paper than other