Volcanoes & Plate Tectonics Jeopardy Faults Earthquakes Volcanoes & Plate Tectonics Volcanic Eruptions Volcanic Landforms $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Final Jeopardy

1 - $100 What are three types of stress on rocks caused by plate movement to change its shape or volume? 1. Tension – two plate pull apart, compression – to plate come together, and shearing – two plates slip past each other.

1 - $200 What type of fault occurs where two plates diverge or pull apart? Normal fault.

1 - $300 What type of fault occurs where two plates converge together? Reverse Faults

1 - $400 What type of fault is formed when rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways, with little up or down motion? Strike-Slip Fault.

1 - $500 Sometimes, plate movements can cause Earth’s crust to fold and bend without bending where two types of “clines” can be observed. What are the two types of “clines” and describe them. 1. Synclines – dips; 2. Anticlines - peaks

2 - $100 What is the difference between the focus and the epicenter of an earthquake? The focus is beneath Earth’s surface where the rock under stress begins to break or move. The epicenter is on the surface directly above the focus.

Daily Double!!! - $200 What are the three types of waves produced by an earthquake? What is the order in which they arrive at a station? In addition, which wave of the three cannot travel through liquids? P waves, then S waves, and lastly Surface Waves. S waves cannot travel through liquids.

2 - $300 What is the instrument that records and measures an earthquake’s seismic waves and how does it work? Seismic waves cause a simple seismograph’s drum to vibrate, which in turn causes the pen to record the drum’s vibrations.

2 - $400 Explain the process or technique used to locate the epicenter of an earthquake. Using data from three seismographic stations, the distance to the earthquake are plotted as circles on the map. The point at which all three circles intersect is the location of the epicenter.

2 - $500 What are the three types of scales geologists use to measure earthquakes and what do each of the scales measure specifically? The Modified Mercalli Scale rates shaking/damage. The Richter scale rates size of the earthquake. The Moment Magnitude Scale rates the total energy released.

3 - $100 What is the difference between magma and lava? Magma is a molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle. When it reaches the surface, it is called lava. After they cool, they form solid rock.

3 - $200 What is the name of the major belt of volcanoes that rim the Pacific Ocean? The Ring of Fire

3 - $300 What are the three types of boundaries found in plate tectonics? Convergent, Divergent, and Transform/Transverse Boundaries.

3 - $400 What is a string of volcanoes that form as the result of subduction of one oceanic plate beneath a second oceanic plate? Island arc.

3 - $500 What is an area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it? Hot Spot.

4 - $100 What is the mixture of hot gases, ash, cinders, and bombs that flow down the sides of a volcano as a fast-moving cloud when it erupts explosively. Pyroclastic flow.

Daily Double!!! - $200 What are the two types of eruptions? In addition, what is the factor that determines the type of eruption a volcano might undergo? Quiet and explosive eruptions are dependent on the silica content. Low silica content results in quiet eruptions while high silica content results in explosive eruptions.

4 - $300 What are the three terms geologists often use to describe a volcano’s stage of activity? Active, dormant, and extinct.

4 - $400 What is silica composed of? Silica is a material found in magma that forms from the elements oxygen and silicon.

4 - $500 Name and describe the 5 main components of a volcano. 1. Magma Chamber; 2. Pipe; 3. Vent; 4. Lava flow; 5. Crater

5 - $100 What type of volcano is a cone-shaped hill or small mountain that is composed primarily of ash, cinders, and bombs? Cinder Cone Volcanoes.

5 - $200 What kind of volcano has a wide, gently sloping mountain composed of hardened layers of lava? Shield Volcanoes.

5 - $300 What type of volcanoes are cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash? Composite Volcanoes.

5 - $400 Describe how volcanic necks form. Magma hardens in a volcano’s pipe and the surrounding rock later wears away.

5 - $500 Describe how Calderas are formed. Large eruptions can empty the main vent and magma chamber beneath a volcano. With nothing to support it, the mountain may collapse inward creating a hole called a Caldera.

Final Jeopardy Although this may look like hair that a chinchilla may have shed, it isn’t. What is the picture on the right showing? Volcanic Glass