Slavery and Westward Expansion

Why expand? More land Was it enough? Florida, Louisiana territory, and Oregon Territory Was it enough? New Mexico, Texas, and California

Manifest Destiny “The Americans claims by the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and…self-government entrusted to us.” - John L. O’Sullivan 1. According to this quote what is manifest destiny?

Moving West Wagon Trains on Trails 1851- Treaty of Fort Laramie Texas revolts against Mexico (1835-1836) Texas Annexation (1845) Mexican American War (1846-1847) James K. Polk Between 1840 and 1860 260,000 americans will cross the continent to settle on the west coast Sante Fe Trail, Oregon Trail, and California Trail Start in St. Louis, Missouri 1851- ft Laramie- restricted plains natives to certain territories Texas revolts Tejanos and Anglo-Texans Santa Anna vs Sam Houston and the Alamo At first Mexico encouraged settlement by americans, but they had to convert to Catholicism and eventually give up their slaves, moved for the land opportunity but once there was a majority of americans there they decided to revolt against the Mexican government and won their independence, applied for state hood Mexican American war- border dispute started by polk will lead to an al out war, some americans very unhappy but we were able to win the war and we got all of the land north of the riogrande river

Moving West Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Gadsden Purchase Gold Rush!!!! (1849) 16x population in 5 years California and statehood- Slave or free Treaty-New Mexico territory, California, US paid 18 million dollars Gadsden purchase- purchased land south of the rio grande because the south wanted to be the first to build a transcontinental RR Gold rush- 1849 California massive state- will it tip the balance of power in Washington?

Long Term Causes of the Civil War Sectionalism South, Northwest, and Northeast Slavery- “Peculiar Institution” Abolitionist movement- Frederick Douglas, Harriet Tubman, and William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator and Uncle Tom’s Cabin Westward Expansion Republican Party (1854) Sectionalism- 2/3 of whit population in south did not own slaves, cultures were very different- stemmed from different settlement patterns and different eucation Slavery- Argued they were better of as slaves, better treated then factory workers in the north- fed clothed and housed by masters Westward expansion- as we expand are the new territories going to be free or slave Republican Party- was not against slavery in the south, just the expansion of it to the west southerners felt they needed to keep a balance of control in legislative branch

Long Term Causes of the Civil War The Breakdown of Compromise The Missouri Compromise (1820) Compromise of 1850 Fugitive Slave Act Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Bleeding Kansas (1855-1856) Wilmot Proviso (failed) Missouri comprmise- Missouri wanted to enter as a slave state, but would throw off the balance in congress so Maine entered as a free state to keep the balance, set up the precedent for how to enter into union. Also created a line that said everythin north of Missouri’s southern border will be free everything south will be slave Compromise of 1850- Cal entered as a free state, All the territories gained from Mexico during war would be decided by popular sovereignty, The slave trade stops in Washington DC, and The Fugitive Slave Act is put into place Kansas Nebraksa act- these territories will be decided by popular sovereignty- will lead to bleading Kansas bc there are two groups of people that are very passionate about their cause all in one place Wilmot Proviso- last attempt to keep southern states from seceding and it fails

Long Term Causes of the Civil War Differences in Constitutional Interpretation: State’s Rights Nullification Crisis under Jackson States created the federal government and therefore can nullify or secede States rights- 10th amendment- states right to choose if it want slavery or no, the south believed the state governments should be more powerful than the federal government therefore could nullify or secede if it wanted.

Frederick Douglas Video http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/frederick- douglass/videos/the-meaning-of-july-4th-for-the-negro