Aim: How are photosynthesis and Respiration related? Do now

Complete the following Diagram Use arrows To show the direction of the following: Sunlight CO2 O2 H2O Glucose

Plants are energy producers Like animals, plants need energy to live unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat food to make that energy Plants make both FOOD & ENERGY

How do plants make energy & food? Plants use the energy from the sun to make sugars: glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, & more sun sugars

Using light & air to grow plants Photosynthesis using sun’s energy, CO2 & water to make sugar Occurs in chloroplasts Allows plants to grow Make oxygen (O2) as a waste product  glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide sun energy + water + 6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2 sun energy  +

Chloroplasts absorb sunlight & CO2 Leaf Leaves CO2 Chloroplasts in cell Chloroplast Chloroplast Chloroplasts contain Chlorophyll make ENERGY & SUGAR

Chloroplasts are only in plants animal cells plant cells

So what does a plant need? Needs: Energy (sunlight) CO2 H2O To make: O2 Glucose leaves shoot roots 6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2 light energy  +

Leaf Structure vascular bundle (vein) xylem (water) phloem (sugar) cuticle epidermis palisades layer spongy layer epidermis stomate guard cells cuticle

Transpiration xylem (water) stomate guard cells CO2 in O2 out H2O CO2 stomate guard cells CO2 in O2 out water out so it gets to leaves from roots O2 H2O CO2

Transpiration Water evaporates from the stomates in the leaves pulls water up from roots like a straw

Stomates & Guard Cells guard cell stomate Function of stomates is to let: CO2 in O2 out H2O out Function of guard cells open & close stomates to control H2O loss guard cell stomate

Guard cells & Homeostasis keeping the internal environment of the plant balanced Stomates open let CO2 in needed to make sugars let H2O out needed for photosynthesis let O2 out get rid of waste product Stomates close if too much H2O evaporating

Xylem carry water up from roots

Phloem: food-conducting cells carry sugars around the plant wherever they are needed

What is Respiration? The method cells used to make energy in the form of ATP Happens in the Mitochondria Sugars are broken down In the presence of oxygen aerobic respiration Without oxygen: Anaerobic respiration Example: Fermentation

Mitochondria are in both plants and animals plant cells animal cells

Mitochondria

What does the mitochondria need? Needs: Glucose O2 Makes: CO2 H2O Energy (ATP) glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy dioxide C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O ATP  +

How does Glucose and O2 get to the Mitochondria? Glucose is absorbed by the digestive system Oxygen is taken in by the respiratory system Both systems are connected to the circulatory system which moves materials to and from the cell?

Mitochondria Almost all eukaryotic cells have mitochondria there may be 1 very large mitochondrion or 100s to 1000s of individual mitochondria number of mitochondria is correlated with aerobic metabolic activity more activity = more energy needed = more mitochondria What cells would have a lot of mitochondria? active cells: • muscle cells • nerve cells

glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy How are they connected? Respiration glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy dioxide C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O ATP  + Photosynthesis So, in effect, photosynthesis is respiration run backwards powered by light. Cellular Respiration oxidize C6H12O6  CO2 & produce H2O fall of electrons downhill to O2 exergonic Photosynthesis reduce CO2  C6H12O6 & produce O2 boost electrons uphill by splitting H2O endergonic 6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2 light energy  +  glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide sun + water +

The Great ENERGY Circle of Life sun Photosynthesis plants glucose sugar CO2 + H2O + O2 Respiration animals & plants ATP

Correct your Diagram Use arrows To show the direction of the following: Sunlight CO2 O2 H2O Glucose