The Progressive Era 1876 - 1920.

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Presentation transcript:

The Progressive Era 1876 - 1920

Reform in the Gilded Age Gilded Age- period in U.S. lasting from the 1870s-1890s marked by political corruption and extravagant spending

Wealthy spending mixed with a large population of poor who suffered 2/5 Americans were out of work “Gilded Age” comes from Mark Twain in an 1873 novel Gilded: coated in a thin layer of gold paint, implying falseness beneath the surface (cheap jewelry, knockoff clothing)

Politics Political power split between the two major parties N & W voted Republican & South voted Democrat

Politics No true power behind parties – more entertainment than anything else Politics driven by concern

Fear that bribery and voter fraud would cause corruption Concern Included… Fear that bankers, industrialists & the wealthy were controlling politics at the expense of the public Fear that bribery and voter fraud would cause corruption Spoils system – practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs

Reforming the Spoils System People offered political support in exchange for jobs Patronage: giving jobs to political followers, which lead to corruption James Garfield (president in 1881) introduces the concept of government jobs as rewards based on merit

Merit: ability and worth versus politics Might have been effective…but Garfield was shot VP Chester Arthur takes over & tries to work on reform

Civil Service Civil Service Commission: 1883 – conduct exams for federal jobs in order to fill them on the basis of merit Civil Service: includes all federal jobs except elected offices & the military (about 40% jobs)

Regulating Big Business Big business controlled the government due to illegitimate politics Under Constitution the federal (nation) government had the power to regulate interstate commerce: business that crossed state lines.

The ICC (interstate commerce commission) oversaw these rules. Interstate Commerce Act: signed by President Grover Cleveland in 1887 – forbade practices such as pools & rebates. The ICC (interstate commerce commission) oversaw these rules. Sherman Antitrust Act: prohibited business from trying to limit or destroy competition …Sound familiar?