Socializaton Chapter 3

Nature vs. Nature What is Human Nature?? How much is Heredity (born with)? How much is Social Enviroment (learned)?

Feral Children child who has lived isolated from human contact from a very young age i.e. Stories about ‘Wild’ children… Fictional often depicted as growing up with relatively normal human intelligence and skills and an innate sense of culture or civilization. (i.e. Romulus/Remus, Mogli, Peter Pan) https://www.boundless.com/sociology/understanding-socialization/the-role-of-socialization/feral-children/

Oxana

In reality, feral children lack the basic social skills that are normally learned in the process of enculturation. They almost always have impaired language ability and mental function. These impairments highlight the role of socialization in human development. (i.e. real case of Danielle Crockett) The impaired ability to learn language is often attributed to the existence of a critical period for language learning, and is taken as evidence in favor of the critical period hypothesis.

Isolated Children Without language, people have no mechanism for developing and communicating thought. Without Language there can be no culture, no society, nothing to shape who we become…(i.e behaviors, attitudes, or values)

Institutionalized Children Institutionalized Children experiment started by: Rene Spitz compared orphaned kids to those kids of their age with their mothers. FINDINGS: infants in the orphanage are physically, emotionally, and socially retarded compared to other infants William Goldfarb found that institutionalized children suffered a number of personality defects that persisted even after they left the institution. including: lower IQ scores, seem more aggressive and distractible, showed less initiative Romanian Orphanages http://www.livescience.com/21778-early-neglect-alters-kids-brains.html

What are the implications for learning and behavior?

Genie…

Society makes us Human! Socialization: The process by which we learn the ways of society, communicate and build relationships and connections with others within a community.

Question… Based on what you just learned about socialization, abuse, neglect and the brain… What implications does this information have when looking at test scores, school performance and education reform, etc.?

Socialization - How do humans develop A sense of self? Ability to reason?

Charles Horton Cooley (1864-1902) “Looking Glass Self” The process by which a sense of self develop “Each to Each a looking-glass Reflects the other that doth pass… 1. We imagine how we appear to those around us. 2. We interpret others reactions 3. We develop a self concept Life long process…

George Herbert Mead (1863-1931) Children learn to take the role of the other. Start with Significant others Generalized others (perception of how others perceive us) Three stages as learn to take role of other 1. Imitation 2. Play 3. Team Games

Role Socialization

Jean Piaget (1896-1980) Concluded children go through four stages as develop ability to reason 1. Sensorimotor stage (birth – 2 yrs. Old) (learns through senses) 2. Preoperational stage (2-7 yrs.) (develop ability to use symbols) 3. Concrete operational stage (7- 12 yrs.) (concrete thinking) 4. Formal operational stage (12+yrs) (abstract thinking)

Learning Personality, Morality and Emotions… Freud Personality consists of 3 elements: Id (born with) Ego (balancing between Id and Superego.) Superego (conscience) Emphasis on socialization, however, focus on individual’s sub-conscious ignores factors such as social class, social roles, (esp. gender roles) etc.

Socialization into Emotions Global emotions (empathy) Expressing emotions (vary between cultures) What we feel (sympathy/compassion) Behavior, emotions, and thinking is shaped according to cultural standards

Gender… messages in the Family messages from Peers messages from Mass Media Television Video games Anime etc. Force interpretation of world in terms of gender and serves as the primary basis for gender inequality in society… i.e. issues of roles, jobs, pay, reproductive rights, etc.

Agents of Socialization The Family The Neighborhood Religion Day Care School and Peer Groups Workplace Brain Storm: List ways each has socialized you! Share with a partner.

The Life Course Childhood (birth to age 12) Adolescence (age 13-17) Transitional Adulthood (age18-29) The Middle Years (age 30-65) The Older Years (age 65+)

Are we Prisoners of Socialization?? What do you think? Nature vs. Nurture?