ROOSEVELT, TAFT, & WILSON

Who is the only U.S. President to serve as a Supreme Court Justice? ANSWER: William Howard Taft

Election of 1908 Platform Platform William Howard Taft (R) William Jennings Bryan (D) Platform Break up trusts Improve worker safety Admit New Mexico and Arizona as states Platform Claimed to be a more effective reformer than Taft Wanted railroads to be nationalized

Election of 1908 Taft Bryan

Election of 1908 Platform Pop Vote: 7,678,395 Electoral Vote: 321 William Howard Taft (R) William Jennings Bryan (D) Platform Break up trusts Improve worker safety Admit New Mexico and Arizona as states Pop Vote: 7,678,395 Electoral Vote: 321 Platform Claimed to be a more effective reformer than Taft Wanted railroads to be nationalized Pop Vote: 6,408,984 Electoral Vote: 162

William Howard Taft (R 1909-1913)

Presidency Strict Constitutionalist Lower the tariff Deals with a split Republican Party “Old Guard” vs the Progressives The real “trustbuster” Broke up more than 90 trusts 16th Amendment (1913) Income Tax Dollar Diplomacy Chinese Railroad

Taft Cartoon

Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act (1909) Taft promised to lower the tariff Calls Congress into special session to do this Payne Bill Lowered the tariff Senator Aldrich proposes bill raising tariffs Bill created the raised the tariff La Follete takes issue to Taft Taft felt he should not involve himself

Ballinger-Pinchot Affair Ballinger – Secretary of the Interior Oil Baron Ballinger gives oil companies permission to drill experimental wells in Newlands areas Pinchot furious Taft says Ballinger is within his rights to do this Fires Pinchot

Uncle “Joe” Cannon Speaker of the House Abused his power as Speaker of the House Rest of Congress wants him gone Taft agrees to help Taft fails to get Cannon removed

Election of 1912 William Howard Taft (R) Woodrow Wilson (D) Theodore Roosevelt (Bull Moose) Eugene V. Debs (Socialist)

Wilson “New Freedom” More progressive than Taft Regulated free enterprise Against trusts and monopolies Triple Wall of Privilege Banks, trusts, tariffs Hurt small farmers More progressive than Taft Less radical than Roosevelt

Election of 1912 William Howard Taft (R) Woodrow Wilson (D) Theodore Roosevelt (Bull Moose) Eugene V. Debs (Socialist) Pop Vote: 3,486,242 Electoral Vote: 8 Pop Vote: 6,296,284 Electoral Vote: 435 Pop Vote: 4,122,721 Electoral Vote: 88 Pop Vote: 901,551 Electoral Vote: 0

What other time in U.S. history did the sitting president finish 3rd in the electoral college? Aaron Burr Thomas Jefferson ANSWER: Election of 1800 John Adams

Woodrow Wilson (D 1913-1921)

Presidency Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Eliminate unfair business practices Underwood Act (1913) Lowered the tariff from 41% - 27% Moral Diplomacy U.S. has a moral responsibility to protect American interests in Latin America World War I

Federal Reserve System Intended to stabilize the economy Divided the nation into 12 regional districts Assigned each district a federal bank Determine interest rates Depends on the status of money supply Still around today

Federal Reserve Map

19th Amendment Carrie Chapman Catt National Women’s Party Revives the women’s suffrage movement National Women’s Party Much more radical than NAWSA Pickett the White House 19th Amendment ratified 1920

Mexico Mexican Revolution General John J. Pershing 1911-1917 three different rulers of Mexico General John J. Pershing Sent in to chase out Villa February 1917 U.S. backs out of Mexico

Mexican Conflict

Election of 1916 “He kept us out of the war!” Supreme Court Justice Woodrow Wilson Charles Evan Hughes “He kept us out of the war!” Supreme Court Justice War was inevitable Wanted U.S. to begin preparing

Election of 1916 Wilson Hughes

Election of 1916 “He kept us out of the war!” Pop Vote: 9,126,868 Woodrow Wilson Charles Evan Hughes “He kept us out of the war!” Pop Vote: 9,126,868 Electoral Vote: 277 Supreme Court Justice War was inevitable Wanted US to begin preparing Pop Vote: 8,548,728 Electoral Vote: 254