1. Taft and Wilson- Progressive Presidents?

2. William Howard Taft Taft defeats William Jennings Bryan easily
Expectations: Progressives thought he would do what Teddy did- a true progressive. Conservatives Republicans thought he would scale it back

3. Trustbusting Continued…
Taft busted twice as many trusts as Teddy
Went after US Steel and J.P. Morgan- a merger approved by Teddy
Teddy viewed this as a personal attack- the beginning of a major conflict between the two

4. More Taft Progressivism
Conservation: created Bureau of Mines, added land to forest reserves, and created federal oil lands
Mann Elkins Act (1910): ICC gained more power over railroad rates and allowed them to regulate telephone and telegraph companies
Supported and promoted the 16th Amendment: Progressive Income Tax
Children’s Bureau (1912): bureau to investigate “all matters pertaining to the welfare of children and child life.”

5. Trouble in Paradise- Progressives Mad at Taft
Payne-Aldrich Tariff: Taft promised to lower the tariff but agreed to this tariff which rose taxes in many areas. He did not stand up to conservatives and seemed to agree with them.
Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy: Pinchot was a respected conservationist and Progressive. Richard Ballinger, Secretary of the interior was a conservative accused of selling public lands for personal profit. Taft supported Ballinger and fired Pinchot

6. Teddy is Back!
Osawatomie Speech: Social justice only possible through a strong federal government: “stewards of the people” “new nationalism”
Teddy showed support for graduated income tax, inheritance taxes, workers compensation, child labor laws, lower tariffs, more regulation.

7. Teddy Roosevelt 1912
“We stand at Armageddon” and “we battle for the Lord”- Teddy led his supporters out of the Republican Convention and started a new party: The Progressive Party AKA Bull-Moose Party
Stood for stronger progressive reforms: breaking up monopolies, regulation of industry, etc.

8. Assassination Attempt
Teddy Roosevelt shot by a man who was told in a dream by McKinley to do it
Bullet was slowed by 50 page speech, heavy coat and eyeglass case. Mob was beating man while calm Roosevelt said, “Don’t hurt him, bring him here. Why did you do this.?”
Bullet was lodged on 4th rib and Roosevelt gave his speech without going to the hospital
Friends, I ask you to be as quiet as possible. I don’t know whether you fully understand that I have just been shot” (as he showed his speech with a bullet hole)

9. 1912 Election Results

10. Woodrow Wilson- New Freedom
Wilson pledged to bring back free and fair competition in the economy
Attacked “triple wall of privilege”- tariffs, banking, and trusts

11. Progressive Measures
Underwood Tariff (1913)- reduced tariff rates for first time in 50 years
Graduated Income Tax instituted (1-6%)
Federal Reserve Act (1914)- created 12 district banks, federal reserve notes, federally regulated banking ever since

12. Business Regulation
Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)- strengthened Sherman Anti-trust act and prohibited labor unions from being included in prosecution
Federal Trade Commission (1914)- regulatory agency that could investigate unfair trade practices in any industry (except banking and transportation)

13. Other Reforms
Federal Farm Loan Act (1916)- 12 farm loan banks created to provide low cost loans to farmers
Keating-Owen Act (1916)- prohibited shipment of goods produced by underage children (14) across state lines. The court ruled this unconstitutional in Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918)