World War II
Aggression goes Unchecked Japan overruns Manchuria and Eastern China Italy Invades Ethiopia Ethiopia had outdated weapons and lost Hitler built up German military Appeasement- giving into demands of an aggressor in order to keep the peace Pacifism- opposition to war
Aggression goes Unchecked Neutrality Acts-USA passed these to stay out of war Axis powers- Germany, Italy, Japan
Spain collapses into Civil War Francisco Franco General who led revolt to take control Fascist *Backed by Hitler and Mussolini 500,000 dead
German Aggression Continues Germany annexed Austria (Democracies took no action) Sudetenland- region of western Czechoslovakia Hitler annexed Sudetenland Assured Britain and France no more plans to expand
Europe Plunges Toward War Nazi-Soviet Pact- nonaggression pact Divide Poland between the 2 Based on mutual need *Germany Invades Poland 9/1/1939 Beginning of WWII Britain and France declare war on Germany 2 days later
The Axis Attacks Nazis storm Poland Blitzkrieg- lightening war Luftwaffe- German air force Fast Tanks, troop transports Soviets Invade East Poland Fr. And Bri. Troops at Maginot Line Hitler Invades Norway and Denmark, then later Netherlands and Belgium
The Axis Attacks Hitler Invades France through Belgium bypassing Maginot Line Italy declared war on France France surrenders 6/22/1940 French resistance used guerrilla tactics Winston Churchill new BR. Prime minister Germans bombed Br. Daily Germany launches Blitz (bombing of London)
The Axis Attacks Br. Keep calm and carry on Hitler failed to gain air superiority in Br. Could not invade Ger. Invades Egypt Italy invades Greece, Ger. Helps conquer Yugoslavia Bulgaria and Hungary joined axis alliance By 1941 control most of Europe
Germany Invades Soviet Union Hitler nullified Nazi-Soviet Pact Wanted their resources 3 mil Ger. Invade Soviets lost 2.5 mil soldiers Scorched earth Nazis stall due to winter -40 F Thousands froze to death 2.5 yr siege of Leningrad Ger. Don’t take it Soviets work with Brits
Life Under Nazi and Japanese Occupation Slavs considered inferior Economic resources plundered and looted Took art Concentration Camps- detention centers for civilians considered enemies of the state Jews, polish, Slavs used as slave labor
Nazis commit Genocide Kill those who were “racially inferior” *Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, and disabled Forced Jews to live in Ghettos “Final solution of the Jewish problem” “death camps” Take all possessions “shower room” gas chamber
Nazis commit Genocide “medical” experiments Massacred 6 million Jews Holocaust Some ghettos fought back Shows what happens from racism and intolerance
Japans Brutal Conquest Killed and torture civilians *Rape of Nanking, killed 40,000 to 300,000 Destroyed cities and use people as slave labor *Saw War with USA Inevitable
Japan Attacks the United States *USA. Lend-Lease Act- could sell or lend war materials to any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the USA (BR) Atlantic Charter- USA, Britain final destruction of the Nazi Tyranny Japan took French Indochina, Indonesia for the resources of Rubber, oil and tin
Japan Attacks the United States *USA stopped selling Iron, steel, and oil to Japan *Attack on Pearl Harbor 12/7/1941 Dec 11 Italy and Germany declare war on USA After the bombing Japan took Philippines, and other US islands, Hong Kong, Burma, Malaya
All-Out War Total War Economic resources on war effort USA. Planes and tanks instead of refrigerators Ended unemployment of the depression era Interned Japanese Americans and German Americans Women built ships, planes, and ammunition Soviet women in combat roles