Background Explanations Solutions Today: Drugs Background Explanations Solutions

Prior Knowledge Which of these drugs (if any) do you think causes the most social problems in the U.S.? Why? Alcohol Nicotine Meth-Crystal Meth-Steroids Marijuana Heroin Cocaine/Crack Cocaine LSD/Acid/Shrooms/PCP Prescription Pills

Alcohol is the most widely used and abused substance in the United States.

When is drug use considered drug abuse? when acceptable social standards of drug use are violated

View: Hooked Illegal Drugs and How They Got That Way Methamphetamines start at 33:00

Consequences of drug use Read the article. In a group discuss: What stood out to you most in this story? Prepare to share the following with the class: What are the names of your group members? What is the drug? 2. Who is involved in the story? 3. What were the consequences of drug use? 4. What other ways can the use of this substance hurt a. Friends/family? b. Personal healthy? c. Society as a whole? Select a recorder and 2-3 speakers to share

Societal costs of drug abuse What are some ways society pays for drug abuse? Accidents Crime Family problems Work problems Health problems

Health Costs of drug abuse Shortened life expectancy Exposure to HIV Birth defects in children of pregnant users Cancer Liver damage Death

Economic Costs of drug abuse Americans are estimated to have spent in 2004: $36 billion on cocaine $11 billion on marijuana $10 billion on heroin $5.4 billion on methamphetamines Government estimates state Americans spend $60 billion dollars a YEAR on illegal drugs

Crime Costs of drug abuse Drug users commit a disproportionate number of crimes At the time of arrest 63% of males and females tested positive for cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamine, or PCP in 2008

Family Costs of Alcohol Abuse It is estimated that 8.3 million U.S. children live with at least one parent in need of treatment Children of alcoholics are 4 times more likely to have alcohol or drug problems Higher instances of: violence, insults, yelling serious arguments, threats

View: Hooked Illegal Drugs and How They Got That Way Before class Vote: Which drug are you most interested in learning the background of today? a. Cocaine at 5:00 b. Heroin at c. Marijuana at 5:00 d. Ecstasy at 47:00 e. LSD at 1:00

Cocaine 1. When did it become illegal? 2. Effects on heart? 3. Study with monkeys: 4. Coca leaves: 5. How did it become cocaine? 6. What kind of racism in connected?

Ecstasy 1. How does it work? 2. How did it start? 3. When was it first used legally? 4. Problems: 5. When is it put on emergency ban?

LSD 1. How did it start? 2. CIA testing purpose? 3. Timothy Leary felt it should be used to____________________

How do each of these theories explain drug abuse? Sociological explanations Non-sociological explanations Structural functionalism Biological Perspective Psychological Perspective Conflict Theory Symbolic Interactionsim Focus on characteristics of individuals that influence participating in drug abuse Focus on the role society and social interaction have on participating in drug abuse

War on Drugs Richard Nixon Marijuana Tax Act Harrison Act National Prohibition 1970 Scheduling 115:00 Hooked Illegal Drugs

Biological Theories Genetics may predispose an individual to alcoholism. Children of alcoholics are 4 times as likely to become alcoholics even when raised apart from biological parents (by non-alcoholic parents) Some individuals are physiologically “wired” to get more pleasure from drugs than others.

Psychological Theories Drug abuse is a response to an emotional or personality disorder (depression) Some personality types are more susceptible to drug use (anxious, dependent). drug use may reduces anxiety, loneliness and boredom.

Structural Functionalist Perspective Who would say it? Structural Functionalist Perspective Drug abuse is a response to society not working properly Response to a strain between what you think you should be and what you can be Drug use may be functional (truck drivers, artists) Drug abuse can be dysfunctional (crime, violence, family problems)

Conflict Perspective Who would say it? Drug use is a response to political, social and economic inequality. Escape from frustration caused by inequality. Most powerful members of society influence the legality of drugs Groups that benefit from drug use have the power to keep it available and encourage use

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Who would say it? Symbolic Interactionist Perspective If the label “drug user” is internalized drug use will continue or even escalate Drug users learn motivations and techniques of drug use through interaction with others. Drug subcultures teach the use How a drug is labeled can influence use

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Labels of what is legal and illegal have changed over time: At various times in U.S. history, drugs that are illegal today were legal and readily available. In the 1800s and early 1900s, opium was used as a pain killer (2) Amphetamine-based inhalers were legally available until 1949. (3) Cocaine was an active ingredient in Coca-Cola until 1906 when it was replaced by another drug–caffeine.

Structural functionalism B: drugs can be functional for some Which sociological explanation of drug abuse do you agree with most? Least? Why? Structural functionalism A: when society is not functioning properly people use drugs to escape Structural functionalism B: drugs can be functional for some Conflict theory A: drug use provides an escape from frustration felt due to inequality in society Symbolic interactionism A: people learn drug use through the groups they associate with Symbolic interactionism: labels (on people or on the drugs)influence drug use

Proposed Solutions to Drug Problems Government Regulation Legalization/Decriminalization Prevention Education Rehabilitation Treatments and Therapy Peer support groups Collective Action

Rehab/Treatment Options Inpatient treatment refers to the treatment of drug dependence in a hospital. Outpatient treatment allows individuals to remain in their home and work environments and is often less expensive.

Peer Support Groups Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) are voluntary associations whose only membership requirement is the desire to stop drinking or taking drugs. AA and NA are self-help groups that offer “sponsors” to each new member and proceed along a continuum of 12 steps to recovery.

Peer Groups-12 steps Step 1 - admit we were powerless over our addiction Step 2 - believe we can restore our lives Step 3 - Make a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God Step 4 - Make a moral inventory of ourselves Step 5 - Admit to God, to ourselves, and others the nature of our wrongs Step 6 – Prepare for God remove all these defects of character Step 7 - Humbly asked God to remove our shortcomings Step 8 - Make a list of all persons we had harmed, make amends with them all Step 9 - Made direct amends to such people wherever possible Step 10 - Continued to take personal inventory Step 11 – Use prayer and meditation to improve our conscious contact with God Step 12 - Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these steps, we tried to carry this message to other addicts, and to practice these principles in all our affairs

Prevention education for athletes ATLAS (Athletes Training and Learning to Avoid Steroids) The product of 10 years of research, ATLAS is a multicomponent school-based program for male high school athletes (13 to 19 years old). Uses positive peer pressure and role modeling to reduce the use of: Anabolic steroids Alcohol and other drugs Performance-enhancing supplements Instruction led by student athlete peers and facilitated by coaches

What is the most commonly used and most heavily trafficked illegal substance in the world? marijuana

Should marijuana be legalized? Measure to legalize marijuana was on California's November ballot in 2010 but did not pass

Should illegal drugs be de-criminalized? 1. Time to Legalize Drugs? Ethan Nadelmann on FOX News 2.The libertarian Alternative: Superior Court Judge Jim Gray on the futility of the war on drugs

Think critically Evaluate Think critically Evaluate. Which solution to drug problems do you think is best or worst? Explain your thinking. Government Regulation Legalization/Decriminalization Prevention Education (DARE or others) Rehabilitation Treatments and Therapy Peer support groups (AA) Collective Action (Mothers Against Drunk Driving-MADD)

Service Learning Agreement Due in 2 weeks Service Learning Agreement At least six hours of actual community service work are required for credit Organization name, address, phone number, web site link ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name and position of administrator you will be working with ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Signature of administrator you will be working with to verify planned volunteering ______________________________________Date:_________________ Brief outline of the organization, its mission ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Who benefits from the work of this organization? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What service will you be providing? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Quiz 1 next week Study guide will be posted on website Study notes, powerpoint, and text 15 questions multiple choice Bring a scantron and pencil YOU MUST BE ON TIME, first 20 minutes of class will be quiz

Illegal Drugs and How They Got That Way b. Heroin c. Marijuana d. Methamphetamines e. Ecstasy f. LSD

Before next week Quiz 1 next week Use the study guide (will be on website after class) Investigate a non-profit organization for your 6 hours of volunteer work Service Learning Agreement due in 2 weeks Read Chapter 4 Crime

Prevention Education among youth Failure of D.A.R.E (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) Or Alternatives to youth drug education 1. Read ONE of the articles 2. What are 3 important points made by the author? 3. Share findings with 1 or 2 others who had a different article than you