Chapter 3: Section 2 Fluids

What is a fluid? Fluids are similar to gases in that they have no shape Fluids “Flow” Fluids flow easily because the particles move past one another easily This is different from a solid because solids can’t move past each other

Buoyant Force The upward force that fluids exert on an object Buoyancy Explains why objects float All fluids exert pressure amount of force in a given area If the object is less dense than water the pressure keeps it floating Boats float because the hull is hollowed out it becomes less dense than water Archimedes Principle The principle states that the buoyant force is an upward force equal to the weight of the volume of fluid the object displaces.

Fluids and Pressure Pressure can be calculated by dividing force by the area the force is being exerted 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒= 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 The units for pressure is called a pascal or Pa 1 Pa is equal to 1 Newton per square meter

Pascal's Principle States that a fluid in equilibrium (Equal on both sides) contained in a vessel exerts a pressure of equal intensity in all directions.

Practice Problem A hydraulic lift, makes use of Pascal’s Principal, to lift a 19,000 N Car: If the area of the small piston (A1) equals 10.5 𝑐𝑚 2 and the area of the large piston (A2) equals 400 𝑐𝑚 2 , what force needs to be exerted on the small piston to lift the car?

Fluids in Motion Liquids vary in how fast or slow (rate) the move Viscosity A liquids resistance to flow Honey would have a high viscosity Water would have a lower viscosity

Assignment Chapter 3 Section 2 Page 86 Vocab and Section 2 Review Numbers 1-9