Warm-Up – 9/14 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: What are the most dangerous phases of flight for formation of vortices? What is the minimum timeframe an aircraft should stay behind another aircraft? What are the two types of drag? As the pilot generates more airspeed what should the pilot do to maintain straight and level flight with respect to AOA? What is the distance a pilot should remain behind another aircraft’s flightpath?

Questions / Comments

Warm-Up – 9/14 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: What are the most dangerous phases of flight for formation of vortices? What is the minimum timeframe an aircraft should stay behind another aircraft? What are the two types of drag? As the pilot generates more airspeed what should the pilot do to maintain straight and level flight with respect to AOA? What is the distance a pilot should remain behind another aircraft’s flightpath?

Wingtip Vortices (Formation of Vortices) Thus, an aircraft will create wingtip vortices with maximum strength occurring during the takeoff, climb, and landing phases of flight.

Warm-Up – 9/14 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: What are the most dangerous phases of flight for formation of vortices? What is the minimum timeframe an aircraft should stay behind another aircraft? What are the two types of drag? As the pilot generates more airspeed what should the pilot do to maintain straight and level flight with respect to AOA? What is the distance a pilot should remain behind another aircraft’s flightpath?

Avoiding Wake Turbulence If a pilot is unsure of the other aircraft’s takeoff or landing point, approximately 3 minutes provides a margin of safety that allows wake turbulence dissipation

Warm-Up – 9/14 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: What are the most dangerous phases of flight for formation of vortices? What is the minimum timeframe an aircraft should stay behind another aircraft? What are the two types of drag? As the pilot generates more airspeed what should the pilot do to maintain straight and level flight with respect to AOA? What is the distance a pilot should remain behind another aircraft’s flightpath?

Drag The force that resists forward motion and acts against thrust. Two types are: Parasite Drag Induced Drag

Warm-Up – 9/14 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: What are the most dangerous phases of flight for formation of vortices? What is the minimum timeframe an aircraft should stay behind another aircraft? What are the two types of drag? As the pilot generates more airspeed what should the pilot do to maintain straight and level flight with respect to AOA? What is the distance a pilot should remain behind another aircraft’s flightpath?

Thrust To maintain level flight, the pilot can increase the AOA an amount which will generate a lift force again equal to the weight of the aircraft. While the aircraft will be flying more slowly, it will still maintain level flight if the pilot has properly coordinated thrust and AOA.

Warm-Up – 9/14 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: What are the most dangerous phases of flight for formation of vortices? What is the minimum timeframe an aircraft should stay behind another aircraft? What are the two types of drag? As the pilot generates more airspeed what should the pilot do to maintain straight and level flight with respect to AOA? What is the distance a pilot should remain behind another aircraft’s flightpath?

Avoiding Wake Turbulence Avoid following another aircraft on a similar flightpath at an altitude within 1,000 feet.

Questions / Comments

THIS DAY IN AVIATION September 14 1944 (USA ) — The first successful flight into the eye of a hurricane is made by a three-man American crew flying a Douglas A-20 “Havoc.” They demonstrate that valuable scientific information can be obtained in this manner, which is still done today.

Questions / Comments

September 2015 Chapter 3 Principles of Flight Principles of Flight Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday   30 31 Chapter 3 Principles of Flight 1 Principles of Flight 2 Progress Reports Due 3 4 Flightline Friday Progress Reports Sent Home 5 6 7 HOLIDAY 8 Chapter 4 9 10 11 QUIZ 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Flightline 19 20 21 22 23 Progress Reports Due 24 25 26

1st Quarter Requirements (23 Class Meetings – Oct 14) All students will complete the following: Take notes - All in class quizzes and tests Each day is worth 20pts - (4 day week 25pts) Complete Flight Sim. Tutorials (1 – 5 x3 + 1) Aircraft Fam. and Student Pilot Syllabus Lessons 1 – 7 (Straight & Level Flight through First Solo) Must pass written with 80% Successfully complete 3 times on small sim Successfully complete 1 time on Main sim Complete ERAU Aviation 101 6 quizzes and 2 tests Student will receive zero points for all incomplete work – NO make-up / extra credit

AVIATION ACES Joker Big Daddy High Shooter (Score) 93% 4A 4A Eagle Pilots (A – 93 & above) 4A Co-Pilots (B – 85 – 92) Joker Big Daddy Eagle Flash Maverick Z Ski Mr. Young Daddy Z High Shooter (Score) 93%

Questions / Comments

Chapter 4 – Aerodynamics of Flight FAA – Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

Today’s Mission Requirements Identify in writing the forces acting on an aircraft in flight. Describe how the forces of light work and how to control them with the use of power and flight controls essential to flight. Describe the aerodynamics of flight. Describe in writing how design, weight, load factors, and gravity affect an aircraft during flight maneuvers. EQ: Describe the importance of Aeronautical Knowledge for the student pilot learning to fly.

Ground Effect Ground effect is due to the interference of the ground (or water) surface with the airflow patterns about the aircraft in flight.

Ground Effect The reduction in induced flow due to ground effect causes a significant reduction in induced drag but causes no direct effect on parasite drag the thrust required at low speeds will be reduced.

Ground Effect Ground effect will cause an increase in the local pressure at the static source and produce a lower indication of airspeed and altitude.

Ground Effect Thus, an aircraft may be airborne at an indicated airspeed less than that normally required.

Ground Effect A large reduction in induced drag will take place only when the wing is very close to the ground. Ground effect is most usually recognized during the liftoff for takeoff or just prior to touchdown when landing.

Ground Effect The takeoff phase of flight, the aircraft leaving ground effect will: Require an increase in AOA to maintain the same CL. Experience an increase in induced drag and thrust required. Experience a decrease in stability and a nose-up change in moment. Experience a reduction in static source pressure and increase in indicated airspeed.

Ground Effect A hazardous situation is possible because the recommended takeoff speed may not be achieved. Due to the reduced drag in ground effect, the aircraft may seem capable of takeoff well below the recommended speed.

Ground Effect In extreme conditions, such as high gross weight, high density altitude, and high temperature, a deficiency of airspeed during takeoff may permit the aircraft to become airborne but be incapable of sustaining flight out of ground effect.

Ground Effect During the landing phase of flight, the aircraft is brought into ground effect with a constant AOA, the aircraft experiences an increase in CL and a reduction in the thrust required, and a “floating” effect may occur.

Questions / Comments

Lesson Closure - 3 – 2 - 1 2. List 2 things you have questions about today’s lesson. 3. List 3 things you learned today. 1. Create (1) quiz question with answer about today’s lesson.