Human Biology CHAPTER 7 BLOOD Concepts and Current Issues PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College Human Biology Concepts and Current Issues Second Edition MICHAEL D. JOHNSON CHAPTER 7 BLOOD Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

The Functions of the Circulatory System Figure 7.1B

The Functions of Blood Transportation: nutrients, waste, hormones Regulation: temperature, water volume, pH Defense: against infections and bleeding

The Components of Blood Plasma (55%) Electrolytes Proteins (albumins, globulins, clotting proteins) Hormones Gases Nutrients and wastes Formed elements (45%) RBCs WBCs Platelets

Red Blood Cells Functions: transport oxygen and carbon dioxide Measurement: hematocrit, hemoglobin Origin: stem cells Life span: 120 days in humans Control of production: erythropoietin

White Blood Cells Functions: protection from infection, regulating the inflammatory reaction Types: Granular: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils Agranular: lymphocytes, monocytes

Hemostasis Stages: Vascular spasm: constrict blood vessels to reduce blood flow Platelet plug formation: seal the ruptured blood vessel Coagulation: formation of a blood clot

Blood Types Determine Blood Compatibility Figure 7.11

Blood Typing Concepts Antigen vs. antibody ABO system Rh system and Rh factor in pregnancy

Blood Disorders Carbon monoxide poisoning: competes with oxygen Anemia: reduction in oxygen-carrying capacity Leukemia: a form of cancer Multiple myeloma: a form of cancer Mononucleosis: Epstein-Barr virus infection Septicemia: “blood poisoning” Thrombocytopenia: reduction in platelet number