Plant Science Terms and Anatomy Stems

Stems-External Lenticels-breathing pores Bud scale scars-show where terminal buds have been located Leaf Scars-show where leaves were attached Terminal bud-bud on the end of a stem Axillary or lateral bud-bud on side of stem

Stems-Internal Cotyledons Monocot-plant stems have vascular bundles that contain both xylem and phloem in each bundle. Produce 1 seed leaf. examples: corn, grasses Dicot-plant stems have the phloem layer and xylem layer separated by cambium. Produce 2 seed leaves. example: trees

Stems-Internal Xylem-tissue that transports water and nutrients up from the roots to stems and leaves Phloem-tissue that transports food down from leaves to roots

Stems-Internal Phloem Phloem Xylem

Stems-Internal Cambium-thin, green, actively growing tissue located between bark and wood and produces all new stem cells Bark-old inactive phloem Heartwood-old inactive xylem Sapwood-new active xylem

Stems-Internal Dicot Bark Cambium Sapwood Heartwood

Functions of Stems Translocation-moves water and minerals from roots up to the leaves and move food from the leaves down to the roots Supports branches, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds