Nuclear Reactions 1-3,6-7,17-23 E = mc2.

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Presentation transcript:

Nuclear Reactions 1-3,6-7,17-23 E = mc2

+ + A. Nuclear Stability Strong Nuclear Force binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. stronger than electric repulsive force over very short distances. + +

A. Nuclear Stability larger nucleus, more electric repulsion, less stable Electric Force Electric Force Strong Nuclear Force Strong Nuclear Force

B. Fission splitting a larger nucleus into smaller parts

Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

B. Fission Chain Reaction: self-feeding reaction when released products are the reactants that trigger more reactions Nuclear reactors use controlled-fission chain reactions.

B. Fission A little bit of mass is changed into a lot of energy E = mc2 Mass and energy are conserved together.

B. Fission Cooling Tower

B. Fission Off-Site Disposal On-Site Storage 77 disposal sites in US. spent fuel rods in water pools or dry casks of concrete/steel. Yucca Mountain for permanent disposal. (5 mile tunnel near Vegas)

C. Fusion combining of 2 nuclei to form 1 larger nucleus is the product much more energy powers stars naturally very high temp, 10 to 100 million oC, in plasma state (in magnetic field)

Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor C. Fusion Fusion Reactors (not yet sustainable) Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

D. Fission vs. Fusion vs. FISSION FUSION 235U is limited meltdown risk radioactive waste less energy Hydrogen is abundant no meltdown risk is product not yet sustainable

E. Chemical Vs Nuclear Reactions Chemical Rxns Involve the gain, loss, or sharing of electrons Atoms of reactants are rearranged into products Mass of reactants equals mass of products Involve small changes in energy Nuclear Rxns Involve changes to an atoms nucleus Atoms are changed into different atoms Mass of reactants does not equal mass of products (E=mc2) Involve large changes in energy

Quick Quiz! 1. E=mc2 shows how a little bit of _________ can be converted into lots of __________. energy, mass. mass, energy. mass, light. light, energy. 24

Quick Quiz! 2. Which statement about nuclear reactions is FALSE? Heat and light in the sun are produced by hydrogen fusion reactions. The total mass of the products is slightly less than the total mass of the reactants. In fusion, nuclei are combined, and in fission, nuclei are split. Power plants use fusion of H isotopes. 25