1 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved

Cyber Security / Cyber Warfare Hype or underestimated? Bert Oltmans Director Defence, Justice and Public Safety CEE&CIS Region

3 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved Agenda Current Environment Facts & Figures Cyber Security in Defense

4 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved Cyber Security is an extension of traditional IT security that protects applications and data connected to the internet and exposed to attack, including offensive (cyber warfare) as well as defensive and proactive security measures. A Definition

5 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved Threat Environment Cyber Warfare is a reality And many incidents more…and growing Estonia 2007 Georgia 2008 Operation Aurora 2009/2010 Iran Stuxnet Worm 2010

6 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved The network has become the battlefield Used for Communications, collaboration, decision support, simulation and modeling Provides content delivery & information sharing Internet JXTA TM Overlay Peer-to-Peer Network Virtual Mapping SCF / Field Command Sensor Grid The Battlefield Today The network is the battlefield

7 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved The Warfighter Challenge NATO Doctrine: Network Centric Operations require a Share-to-Win attitude Cyber Security Policies mandate a need to know strategy Share-to-win Need- to-know

8 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved The Transformation in Defense Cyber Security is becoming a National concern US Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM) created on May 21, 2010 The admiral said he believes a cyber attack could trigger a response in accordance with Article 5 of the NATO Charter, which states that an attack on any alliance member is an attack on all alliance members Navy Adm. James G. Stavridis, 29 November 2010 – Time Interview

© 2010 Oracle Corporation Data Breach Investigations Report Regional Cyberspace

© 2010 Oracle Corporation 10 Role of Governments Increased importance of National Entities like CERTs to monitor the Nations Critical Infrastructures and provide guidance

© 2010 Oracle Corporation 11 FACTS & FIGURES

12 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved Two Thirds of Sensitive and Regulated Data Resides in Databases… 1,800 Exabytes Amount of Data in Databases Doubles Yearly 2011 Source: IDC, 2008

13 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved Over 900M Breached Records Resulted from Compromised Database Servers TypeCategory% Breaches% Records Database ServerServers & Applications25% 92% Desktop ComputerEnd-User Devices21%1% 2010 Data Breach Investigations Report

14 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved How do Database Breaches Occur? Bad Guys Exploit Your Weaknesses! 48%involved privilege misuse 40%resulted from hacking 38%utilized malware 28%employed social tactics 15%comprised physical attacks 2010 Data Breach Investigations Report

15 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved Cyber Security in Defense Some thoughts 1.Design/Procure Information Systems geared to Threat Environment (including Cyberspace) 2.Treat Information Technology as Mission Critical – not - Mission Enabling 3.Have Policies and Doctrines that acknowledge Cyber Warfare

16 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved Information Systems in Cyberspace It starts with a secure product (1) Plan(4) Act (2) Do(3) Check A model for continuous improvement… (Ref.: PDCA Cycle, originally developed by Walter A. Shewhart; Sometime referred as Deming Cycle.) 1979:Project Oracle with the CIA 1994:First vendor to complete ITSEC and TCSEC validations Advanced Security Option 1998:First vendor to complete Common Criteria EAL4 validation Virtual Private Database 2005:Introduction of the Critical Patch Update 2006: Database Vault Adoption of CVSS …… 2010Ongoing certifications

17 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved Information Systems in Cyberspace And a Secure Implementation TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE PROCESSES CYBER SPACE

18 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved Software Security End User Perspectives Vendor patch issuance Vendor patch issuance practices are most visible with customers, … BUT… Producing secure software requires Focused attention as early as the design phase Ongoing commitment throughout the entire development and pre-release phases Effective remediation procedures Security Patches Service Packs Release QA Secure Development Security Testing Coding Practices Coding Standards Design Requirements

19 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved Make IT Mission Critical Include Deployment and Support User Management Strong Authentication Fine-grained Authorizations User Management Strong Authentication Fine-grained Authorizations Core Platform Security Core Platform Security Access Control Controlling Privileged Users Custom Security Policies RBAC & LBAC Implementation Access Control Controlling Privileged Users Custom Security Policies RBAC & LBAC Implementation Monitoring Enterprise-Wide Auditing Configuration Monitoring Enterprise-Wide Auditing Configuration Data Protection Network Encryption Data Encryption Backup Encryption Data Protection Network Encryption Data Encryption Backup Encryption Secure Operating Environment Multi-Level Security Fault Tolerance Ubiquitous Support Secure Operating Environment Multi-Level Security Fault Tolerance Ubiquitous Support

20 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved Policies & Doctrines Cover Defensive and Offensive measures Implement down to single combat unit

21 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved JICPAC Supports Coalition Forces with Access to Secure Information SOLUTIONS JICPAC Trusted Workstation (TWS): SunRay Ultra-thin client Trusted Extensions for Solaris CC EAL4 Certification on NEBS-certified Sun Servers CHALLENGES / OPPORTUNITIES Security was preserved through air-gap networks (entirely disconnected) yet analyst required multiple networks and therefore 1 to 1 mapping of multiple desktop clients creating clutter and manual process Logging of audit trails was mostly on the honor-system with manual documentation Local clients meant far more maintenance and chance for degradation of information assurance levels OVERVIEW Joint Intelligence Center of the Pacific (JICPAC) is located within the US Pacific Command (PACOM) Pearl Harbor, HI RESULTS Reduced acquisition costs and power consumption through the consolidation of multiple PC clients into a single Sun Ray ultra-thin client Improved end-user operational efficiencies in the secure information workflows with complete audit trails through simultaneous connection to multiple networks Compatible with existing applications since they run in a Solaris open environment

22 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved Albanian MoD Safeguards Classified Data to Prepare for NATO Accession SOLUTIONS Oracle Universal Content Management Oracle Identity Management Oracle Virtual Directory Oracle Access Manager CHALLENGES / OPPORTUNITIES Consolidate all structured and unstructured classified data on a secure, scalable, electronic platform prior to the April 2009 accession to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Enforce the highest internationally recognized standards for providing & auditing authorized access to classified Ministry of Defense (MoD) information Protect the integrity of sensitive military documents relating to Albanias role in NATO operations assurance levels OVERVIEW Agency responsible for implementing the govts defense & foreign policy objectives, & protecting the security of 3.6 million Albanian people Industry: Public Sector Employees: 500 RESULTS Provided a secure Web-based data storage platform to create and publish classified content Offered 100 users a single sign on and secure, seamless access to job-appropriate data Enabled the organization to set up user accounts in only a few hours CUSTOMER PERSPECTIVE Oracles unbreakable security platform enables us to guarantee the integrity of sensitive defense data without impeding access to it by authorized personnel. We now have our data consolidated on a secure, scalable platform - enabling us to prepare for the accession to NATO. Genci Kokoshi, Chief of Information Technology

23 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved For More Information oracle.com/database/security search.oracle.com database security

24 Copyright © 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved Q & A

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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 27 Disk Backups Exports Off-Site Facilities Oracle Advanced Security Protect Data from Unauthorized Users Complete encryption for application data at rest to prevent direct access to data stored in database files, on tape, exports, etc. by IT Staff/OS users Efficient application data encryption without application changes Built-in two-tier key management for SoD with support for centralized key management using HSM/KMS Strong authentication of database users for greater identity assurance Application

© 2010 Oracle Corporation 28 Oracle Database Vault Enforce Security Policies Inside the Database Automatic and customizable DBA separation of duties and protective realms Enforce who, where, when, and how using rules and factors Enforce least privilege for privileged database users Prevent application by-pass and enforce enterprise data governance Securely consolidate application data or enable multi-tenant data management Procurement HR Finance Application DBA select * from finance.customers DBA Security DBA Application

© 2010 Oracle Corporation 29 Oracle Audit Vault Audit Database Activity in Real-Time Consolidate database audit trail into secure centralized repository Detect and alert on suspicious activities, including privileged users Out-of-the box compliance reports for SOX, PCI, and other regulations E.g., privileged user audit, entitlements, failed logins, regulated data changes Streamline audits with report generation, notification, attestation, archiving, etc. CRM Data ERP Data Databases HR Data Audit Data Policies Built-in Reports Alerts Custom Reports ! Auditor

© 2010 Oracle Corporation 30 Oracle Total Recall Track Changes to Sensitive Data select salary from emp AS OF TIMESTAMP '02-MAY AM where emp.title = admin Transparently track application data changes over time Efficient, tamper-resistant storage of archives in the database Real-time access to historical application data using SQL Simplified incident forensics and recovery

© 2010 Oracle Corporation 31 Oracle Database Firewall First Line of Defense Policies Built-in Reports Alerts Custom Reports Applications Block Log Allow Alert Substitute Monitor database activity to prevent unauthorized database access, SQL injections, privilege or role escalation, illegal access to sensitive data, etc. Highly accurate SQL grammar based analysis without costly false positives Flexible SQL level enforcement options based on white lists and black lists Scalable architecture provides enterprise performance in all deployment modes Built-in and custom compliance reports for SOX, PCI, and other regulations

© 2010 Oracle Corporation 32 Oracle Configuration Management Secure Your Database Environment Discover and classify databases into policy groups Scan databases against 400+ best practices and industry standards, custom enterprise-specific configuration policies Detect and event prevent unauthorized database configuration changes Change management dashboards and compliance reports Monitor Configuration Management & Audit Vulnerability Management Fix Analysis & Analytics Prioritize Policy Management AssessClassify Monitor Discover Asset Management

© 2010 Oracle Corporation 33 Oracle Data Masking Irreversibly De-Identify Data for Non-Production Use Make application data securely available in non-production environments Prevent application developers and testers from seeing production data Extensible template library and policies for data masking automation Referential integrity automatically preserved so applications continue to work LAST_NAMESSNSALARY ANSKEKSL ,000 BKJHHEIEDK ,000 LAST_NAMESSNSALARY AGUILAR ,000 BENSON ,000 ProductionNon-Production Data never leaves Database

© 2010 Oracle Corporation 34 Oracle Database Defense In Depth Oracle Advanced Security Oracle Identity Management Oracle Database Vault Oracle Label Security Oracle Audit Vault Oracle Total Recall Oracle Database Firewall Oracle Configuration Management Oracle Data Masking