Chapter 3-4 Cycles of Matter

Bell Ringer Classify each of the following as an producer, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, decomposer, or detrivore. Tree- Lion- Mushroom- Earthworm- Bear- Deer-

Bell Ringer Give 2 examples of cooperation between members of the same species from the ecology videos that we watched. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________

Bell Ringer Compare how energy and matter move through ecosystems. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Bell Ringer Why do farmers and gardeners use fertilizers? Which 2 nutrients that we talked about are found in fertilizer? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Daily Objectives Describe how matter cycles among the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem Explain why nutrients are important in living systems Describe how the availability of nutrients affects the productivity of ecosystems.

Ecosystem Essentials Energy is crucial to an ecosystem, but organisms need more than that to survive Ecosystems also need - Water - Minerals/nutrients - Oxygen - Carbon - Nitrogen - Phosphorus

Recycling in the Biosphere Unlike the one way flow of energy, matter is recycled within and between ecosystems.

Water Cycle (Hydrologic) Water continuously moves between the oceans, the atmosphere, and land.

Evaporation The process by which water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas (water vapor).

Transpiration The process by which water can enter the atmosphere by evaporating from leaves of plants.

Condensation When water cools down it condenses into droplets and forms clouds.

Precipitation When water returns to the earths surface. Examples: Snow, Sleet, Rain, and Hail Some precipitation flows along the surface in what scientists call runoff, until it enters a river or stream.

Nutrients All the chemical substances that an organism needs to live. Every living organism needs nutrients to grow and carry out essential life functions. Like water; nutrients are passed between organisms and the environment through cycles.

The Carbon Cycle There are 4 different kinds of processes involved in the carbon cycle: Biological processes (Photosynthesis) Human activity (Deforestation / fossil fuels) Geological processes (Carbonate rocks) Physical / Chemical processes (CO2 exchange)

The Carbon Cycle

The Nitrogen Cycle All organisms require nitrogen to make amino acids, which in turn are used to build proteins. Many different forms of nitrogen occur naturally in the biosphere. Although nitrogen gas is the most abundant form of nitrogen on Earth, only certain types of bacteria can use this form directly.

The Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen Fixation Process of converting nitrogen gas into useful forms that is done by bacteria.

The Phosphorous Cycle Phosphorus is essential to living organisms because it forms part of important life sustaining molecules such as DNA and RNA. Unlike carbon, oxygen and nitrogen, phosphorus does not enter the atmosphere.

The Phosphorous Cycle Phosphorus remains mostly on land in rock and soil minerals, and in ocean sediments. As the rocks and sediments gradually wear down, phosphate is released. Plants absorb phosphate then it moves to the rest of the ecosystem.

The Phosphorous Cycle

Primary Productivity The rate at which organic matter is created by producers. If a nutrient is in short supply, it will limit an organisms growth.

Limiting Nutrient Single nutrient that either is scarce, or cycles very slowly, limiting the growth of organisms in an ecosystem.