The Reformation Continues

Setting the Stage Under the leadership of Queen Elizabeth I, the Anglican Church, though Protestant, remained similar to the Catholic Church in many of its doctrines and ceremonies. Meanwhile, other forms of Protestantism were developing elsewhere in Europe. Martin Luther had launched the Reformation in northern Germany, but reformers were at work in other countries. In Switzerland, another major branch of Protestantism emerged. Based mainly on the teachings of John Calvin, a French follower of Luther, it promoted unique ideas about the relationship between people and God.

John Calvin Continues the Reformation 1536- published Institutes of the Christian Religion Summary of Protestant theology Believed God chooses a very few people to save Predestination- idea God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved Known as Calvinism

Calvin’s Rule Rules over Geneva, Switzerland Strict rules- Everyone attended religion classes No card playing No bright clothing Seen as a model city of highly moral citizens

Calvinism Spreads John Knox- applies Calvin’s ideas in Scotland Each community church was governed by a group of laymen called elders or presbyters Followers of Knox become known as Presbyterians

Other Protestant Reformers Anabaptists- only baptized those old enough to decide to be Christian Church and state should be separate Refused to fight wars Shared possessions Forerunners of Mennonites and Amish, influenced Quakers and Baptists

The Catholic Reformation Ignatius of Loyola- Wrote Spiritual Exercises- laid out day-by-day plan of meditation, prayer and study Pope created religious order for his followers called the Society of Jesus, known as Jesuits

The Catholic Reformation Jesuits goals- Create schools in Europe Convert non-Christians to Catholicism Stop the spread of Protestantism

The Catholic Reformation Pope Paul III- Had Council of Cardinals investigate indulgence selling Approved the Jesuit order Used the Inquisition to seek out heresy Called a council of church leaders to meet in Trent, Italy

The Council of Trent Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final Christians need faith and good works for salvation (not saved by faith alone) The Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful in guiding Christian life Indulgences were valid expressions of faith

The Catholic Reformation Pope Paul IV- Index of Forbidden Books (books dangerous to Catholic faith)- bishops ordered to burn these books Venice- burned 10,000 books in 1 day

The Legacy of the Reformation Set stage for the modern world Left Europe culturally divided New schools develop Decline of Church’s authority leads to more power in monarchs and nation-states State building begins- warfare, exploration and expansion