Earth’s Layers.

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Presentation transcript:

Earth’s Layers

Earth is divided into 3 basic layers: 1. Crust 2. Mantle 3. Core These layers are then subdivided into smaller layers.

CRUST: Is the outermost layer on the earth. Thickness varies. Under mountains it can be as thick as 40-70 km and less than 7 km under the ocean. It is the least dense of all the layers. (lightest layer) It is made up of silicon and oxygen.

2 TYPES OF CRUST: Oceanic crust is very dense, made of Basalt. Continental crust is less dense, made of Granite.

Lithosphere: Made up of the earth’s crust and very top part of mantle. Asthenosphere: Layer right below the lithosphere in the upper mantle. Not a liquid or a solid but like a thick paste.

GRANITE BASALT

MANTLE: Located below the crust. It is the largest layer (about 2900 km thick). Hot soften rocks made up of more magnesium and iron. Density increases with depth due to increase in pressure. Remember less dense near the crust more dense near the core.

This is the “crunchy” layer of the Earth. Look at the sub-layers of the mantle LITHOSPHERE: This is the “crunchy” layer of the Earth. It includes the crust and the very uppermost part of the upper Mantle ASTHENOSPHERE: Soft – can bend like plastic, layer in the upper portion of the mantle It is located right below the Lithosphere. Lithosphere floats on this layer (like jello)

CORE: Located below the Mantle. It is divided into 2 layers Outer Core Inner Core

Outer Core: The O.C. is about 2300 km thick. is liquid and is made up of mostly iron (easily magnetized) The movement of materials in the liquid O.C. is inferred to be the cause of Earth’s magnetic field! The O.C. is about 2300 km thick.

Inner Core: Is the center of the Earth – 2400 km in diameter. It’s solid iron and nickel. Most dense layer (heaviest) The increased pressure causes the I.C. to be solid

Lithosphere Asthenosphere CRUST MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE

In Review: What are the 3 main layers of the Earth? Crust, Mantle, Core Which layer is the least dense? Crust Which core layer is solid iron and nickel? Inner core What is the name given to the “crunchy” layer of the crust and uppermost part of the mantle? Lithosphere 5. The motion in this layer is the reason Earth has a magnetic field. Outer core