Chapter 11 Section 4 Peace after WWI Woodrow Wilson’s idea outlined in 14 points speech 1. No more secret treaties 2. Freedom of the seas for everyone 3. Lower or get rid of tariffs to encourage free trade 4. Reduce the size of militaries to ease fears 5. No more colonizing unless native people agree to it 6 – 13. Establish boundaries for new countries based on the ethnicity of people 14. Form a League of Nations association where all countries could settle disagreements and avoid war Modern Day Version = United Nations Wilson really wanted this Why didn’t the other Allies like it? Germany wasn’t punished (wanted revenge) No blame assigned to them, no $ damages

The Treaty of Versailles Peace talks held in France (unusual) No Central Powers were present at the talks (unusual) The “Big 4” developed all of the details Georges Clemenceau = Leader of France David Lloyd George = British Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando = Italian Prime Minister Woodrow Wilson = President of U.S.

Details of the Treaty 9 new countries created 5 colonies created given to France and England All in Middle East (use map on pg. 400 of text) The Central Powers (and Russia) all lost land Became a Major Source of Resentment Especially for Germany and Russia Germany was hit especially hard Forced to take the blame for the war Lost all colonies elsewhere in the world Not allowed to maintain an army Supposed to pay reparations of $33 billion England and France wanted even more $$$ See cartoon above

U.S. Reaction to the Treaty Some thought it punished Germany too hard and would lead to future problems (they were right) Some didn’t like the idea of the League of Nations Henry Cabot Lodge = powerful U.S. Senator believed the U.S. would be entering into a peacetime alliance like European countries and Russia did before WWI Wilson insisted on the U.S. joining the League Congress refused to authorize this Bottom line: U.S. Never joined the League U.S. Never signed the Treaty of Versailles Had separate peace treaties with each of the Central Powers

Consequences of WWI For U.S.A. For Europe and Russia For Germany recognized as The Global Superpower Difference maker in the war More integration in the workforce Women, African-Americans Return to “normalcy” after war What life was like in U.S. before war For Europe and Russia Much destruction and death Needed to rebuild Most countries turned to very strong leadership to accomplish this For Germany Didn’t like taking the blame. Didn’t have $$$ to pay reparations Would be problems later Not Just any WWI German soldier