Internet mreže, FTN - KZI

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Presentation transcript:

Internet mreže, FTN - KZI Rutiranje Internet mreže, FTN - KZI

Zašto nam je potrebno rutiranje? Unutar lokalnog segmenta, uređaj na osnovu podešene IP adrese i mrežne maske zna kako da pošalje paket namenjenu drugom uređaju na istom lokalnom segmentu (unutar iste mreže) Za slanje paketa u druge mreže neophodan nam je posrednik Ruter – uređaj koji spaja dve ili više mreža

Rutiranje – osnovni princip Sve što uređaj treba da zna je: kome sledećem poslati paket Ni jedan pojedinačan uređaj ne sračunava celu putanju od polazne do odredišne tačke Uređaji ne moraju da znaju detalje o udaljenim mrežama, već samo kome se obratiti da bismo do njih došli Kao posledica, ceo sistem je fleksibilniji i otporniji na promene u topologiji

✘ ✓

Tabela rutiranja Znanje uređaja o tome kome sledećem treba proslediti paket nalazi se u tabeli rutiranja Red u tabeli rutiranja naziva se ruta DO IDI PREKO Adresa mreže Mrežna maska Gateway Interfejs 192.168.24.0 255.255.255.0 0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet 0 192.168.254.0 255.255.255.252 Serial 0 192.168.21.0 192.168.254.1

Tabela rutiranja Vrednost 0.0.0.0 u koloni gateway označava da je mreža direktno kontektovana, tj. da uređaj ima interfejs u toj mreži Rute za direktno konektovane mreže dobijamo automatski za interfejs koji je upaljen i ima podešene IP adresu i mrežnu masku Ostale rute dodajemo mi Adresa mreže Mrežna maska Gateway Interfejs 192.168.24.0 255.255.255.0 0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet 0 192.168.254.0 255.255.255.252 Serial 0 192.168.21.0 192.168.254.1

Tabela rutiranja Ruta sa destinacijom 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 naziva se podrazumevana ruta Gateway podrazumevane rute naziva se podrazumevani gateway U operativnim sistemima namenjenim krajnjim korisnicima, podrazumevana ruta dobija se podešavanjem podrazumevanog gateway-a (treće polje na dijalogu za podešavanje IP parametara) Adresa mreže Mrežna maska Gateway Interfejs 192.168.24.0 255.255.255.0 0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet 0 192.168.24.2

Svako sa svakim Da bi svaki uređaj mogao da komunicira sa svakim uređajem, neophodno je da svi uređaji imaju znanje o svim mrežama Uključujući kranje uređaje!

Algoritam odabira rute 192.168.24.0 255.255.255.0 0.0.0.0 GE 0 192.168.254.0 255.255.255.252 Se 0 192.168.21.0 192.168.254.1 192.168.254.5 Primer 1 Destination=192.168.21.33 Kandidati: 192.168.254.1, 192.168.254.5 Odabrana: 192.168.254.1 Primer 2: Destination=8.8.8.8 Kandidati: 192.168.254.5 Odabrana: 192.168.254.5

Dodavanje rute - Cisco RouterA>enable RouterA#configure terminal RouterA(config)#ip route 10.10.10.4 255.255.255.252 10.10.10.2 RouterA(config)# Napomena: Za gateway stavljamo adresu sledećeg rutera kom se treba obratiti. Ako taj ruter ima više od jedne IP adrese, za gateway biramo onu njegovu adresu koja je u mreži u kojoj i mi imamo interfejs! Razlog za to je to što za tu adresu već imamo (automatski dobijenu) direktno konektovanu rutu.

Prikaz tabele rutiranja - Cisco Router#show ip route Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks C 10.10.10.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0 L 10.10.10.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0 S 10.10.10.4/30 [1/0] via 10.10.10.2 192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 L 192.168.1.254/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

Prikaz tabele rutiranja - Windows

Testiranje - ping PC>ping 192.168.3.1 Pinging 192.168.3.1 with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=4ms TTL=125 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=8ms TTL=125 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=125 Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 2ms, Maximum = 8ms, Average = 4ms

Testiranje - traceroute PC>tracert 192.168.3.1 Tracing route to 192.168.3.1 over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms 192.168.1.254 2 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms 10.10.10.2 3 12 ms 3 ms 6 ms 10.10.10.6 4 1 ms 1 ms 2 ms 192.168.3.1 Trace complete. Router#traceroute 192.168.3.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to 192.168.3.1 1 10.10.10.2 0 msec 0 msec 0 msec 2 10.10.10.6 3 msec 2 msec 3 msec 3 192.168.3.1 10 msec 1 msec 1 msec