Changing Times: Transportation, Communication and Connections Chapter 9: Settlements, Transportation, and Mining

Bell Activity Your words are “freight” & “nondenominational” As you come into class, grab your plastic folder from the crates at the back of the room. Bell Activity Your words are “freight” & “nondenominational” Find the word on your blue study guide and complete the following information for the word. Find the definition using a glossary. Use your own knowledge and experience to complete the rest of the definition. Where should your backpack be?

Does your work look something like this? Word: freight My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/ Example: Antonym/Non-Example:

Does your work look something like this? Word: freight My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: goods or cargo transported Draw a picture of it: for pay Sentence: There have been many freight companies in Utah in the past and present, like Wells Fargo and UPS. Synonym/ Example: UPS, Wells Fargo, USPS Antonym/Non-Example: telegraph

Does your work look something like this? Word: nondenominational My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/ Example: Antonym/Non-Example:

Does your work look something like this? Word: nondenominational My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: not restricted to any one Draw a picture of it: religion Sentence: Daniel Tuttle opened the first nondenominational school in Utah. Synonym/ Example: public school; secular Antonym/Non-Example: Catholic school; religious

Today we will learn… History Objective - We will explain how changes in transportation and communication created closer ties between Utah and the rest of the United States. Language Objective - We will listen for important details and write them in our notes. Behavior Objective – Work Ethic: Stay on task.

Changing Times: Transportation, Communication and Connections Time to reach destination (margin) Changing Times: Transportation, Communication and Connections Traveling before the 1860s (4 lines for each section) The Stagecoach (4 lines) The Pony Express (4 lines) The Telegraph (4 lines) Camp Douglas and Colonel Connor Response Question

It took 3-4 months to go from Independence to California. Before the 1860s… Initially, mail and supplies were moved with pioneer companies in heavy wagons. It was very difficult moving supplies and mail to all the towns in the West. The dangers on the trail included: Storms, floods, poor roads, few bridges, and Indian attacks Towns would go for 3-9 months without news or mail. Even so, freight companies made huge profits. It took 3-4 months to go from Independence to California.

It took around a month to travel across the West by stagecoach. Stagecoaches During later years, visitors came west by stagecoach. Stations were set along the route so the drivers could get fresh horses, while travelers might get a meal. Butterfield Overland Mail was an early stagecoach that later sold out to the Wells, Fargo Company. It took around a month to travel across the West by stagecoach.

Rules from the Wells, Fargo Coach Abstinence from liquor is requested, but if you must drink share the bottle. To do otherwise makes you appear selfish and unneighborly. Buffalo robes are provided for your comfort in cold weather. Hogging robes will not be tolerated and the offender will be made to ride with the driver. Don't snore loudly while sleeping or use your fellow passenger's shoulder for a pillow; he or she may not understand and friction may result. In the event of runaway horses remain calm. Leaping from the coach in panic will leave you injured, at the mercy of the elements, hostile Indians and hungry coyotes. Forbidden topics of conversation are: stagecoach robberies and Indian uprisings. Gents guilty of unchivalrous behavior toward lady passengers will be put off the stage. It's a long walk back. A word to the wise is sufficient. Other rules: If ladies are present, gentlemen are urged to forego smoking cigars and pipes as the odor of same is repugnant to the gentler sex. Chewing tobacco is permitted, but spit with the wind, not against it. Gentlemen must refrain from the use of rough language in the presence of ladies and children. Firearms may be kept on your person for use in emergencies. Do not fire them for pleasure or shoot at wild animals as the sound riles the horses.

Stagecoaches and the Goshute War Many of the stations for the stagecoach were on Indian land. Many tribes felt threatened by these outposts and attacked them. The U.S. Army troops tried to establish order on the trail. They slaughtered an entire Goshute camp at Simpson Springs. The tribes fought back and 16 whites and over 100 Indians were killed. U.S. 1st Cavalry

The route of the Pony Express The Pony Express tried to shorten the time to cross the country even further. It would carry the mail from Missouri to California in 10 days. Stations were built every ten miles where the riders could get a fresh horse or mule. They had two minutes to get water and bread. After changing horses eight times, the rider would pass the mail onto another rider. Postage cost $5 an ounce. The route of the Pony Express

The first Pony Express station in St. Joseph, Missouri. The Trail Through Utah The most dangerous part of the trail was across the Utah Territory. Some tribes saw the stations as a threat and attacked the stations, killing the riders. The first rider came through Utah in April 1860. In January 1861 riders brought news that Lincoln had been elected President. Many Utahns rode for the Pony Express. The first Pony Express station in St. Joseph, Missouri.

The Telegraph The completion of a telegraph line from east to west ended the brief run of the Pony Express. They joined in Salt Lake City, which provided fast communication with the rest of the country. The first message sent east was from Brigham Young to the Union, declaring that “Utah…is firm for the Constitution and laws of our once happy country.” With the Civil War going on in the east it was very important to maintain good relations with the government. This image shows men lifting a telegraph post into place. Telegraph

Camp Douglas The transcontinental telegraph met at this office in SLC. Within a few years, all the major settlements in Utah and the West were connected by telegraph wires. With the creation of the telegraph line and the continuing conflict of the Civil War, the Union worried about the safety of communication with the west. Camp Floyd had been abandoned when its soldier returned to fight in the war, and so the government sent 750 soldiers from Nevada and California to protect the lines. The transcontinental telegraph met at this office in SLC. A field telegraph station.

Patrick Edward Connor Colonel Connor commanded the troops. A stanch Catholic, Connor did not like the Mormons. He refused to set up command from Camp Floyd, and instead created Camp Douglas. The fort was on the east bench of the Salt Lake Valley, and is now part of Univ. of Utah. The cannons of the fort were trained on the Beehive House. He is remembered for his role in the Bear River Massacre, being the “Father of Utah Mining”, and delaying Utah’s statehood. Camp Douglas, 1866

What do you think? In the space of about 20 years communication in Utah changed dramatically. In 1847, the pioneers were very isolated in SLC. By 1867, they were receiving news daily about what was happening in the rest of the country. How would these changes have affected a person’s day to day life in Utah Territory?