1. Settlement, Transportation, and Mining

2. Immigrants Start More Settlements
The LDS church kept sending families out to start different farming communities
Huntsville, 1860
A group of settlers led by Jefferson Hunt headed into the Ogden Valley
There were already a group of Shoshone Indians living there, so the settlers made an annual tax to the Indians to use the land for farming and cattle

3. And More Settlements The Cotton Mission, 1861
Brigham Young sent people to “Utah’s Dixie” in an effort to make Utah more self-sufficient
They grew crops that flourished in hotter climates
Cotton, tobacco, figs, almonds, olive oil, and even wine
Their town was named after the LDS leader George A. Smith
Life was difficult because of floods, drought, extreme heat, and poverty

4. Transportation
The main way to get food, mail, and manufactured goods to and from the West was overland freighting
Overland freighting faced a lot of dangers
Storms, floods, poor roads, few bridges, and Indian attacks

5. Stage Coaches and the Goshute War
As stagecoaches traveled from St. Louis to California, they were sometimes attacked by Goshute and Shoshone Indians
US Army troops attacked a Goshute village south of the Simpson Spring Station, slaughtering all the men, women, and children
This caused many other battles to rise up around the area
This is known as the Goshute War

6. The Telegraph
Telegraph lines ran from Omaha, Nebraska, to San Francisco
These telegraph lines quickly brought an end to the Pony Express
In October 1861, the eastern lines reached Salt Lake City
One week later, the western lines reached the city
The very first message sent from Salt Lake City was from Brigham Young assuring Washington that Utah would remain loyal to the Union during the Civil War
The leaders in Utah then constructed more lines from St. George to Logan with stops in many other towns on the way

7. Camp Douglas
After Johnston’s Army left Utah to go fight in the Civil War, 750 soldiers led by Colonel Patrick Edward Connor came to Utah
Their job was to protect the overland mail and telegraph lines from Indian attacks
They built Camp Douglas to overlook Salt Lake City
Connor never got along with Young and the Mormons
He even had his cannons at Camp Douglas aimed at the Beehive House
Connor went on to create an anti-Mormon newspaper and the Liberal Party
He is also known as the Father of Utah Mining

8. Many New Religions
The first Jewish family in the Salt Lake Valley came in 1854
Many more came and by the 1880s there was a healthy Jewish population in Salt Lake City
Reverend Norman McLeod thought that the Utah community would benefit from some Protestant services
His influence spread to many different areas, mostly in Ogden, Provo, and Salt Lake City
Many Catholic soldiers were stationed at Camp Douglas
Catholic churches started to pop up all over the major cities in Utah

9. And More New Religions
Daniel Sylvester Tuttle is credited with the first nor-LDS church service in Utah
He opened the first nondenominational school in Utah
This is where students of any religion could study
He also built Saint Mark’s Cathedral in Salt Lake City and the Church of the Good Shepherd in Ogden

10. Mining in the Utah Territory
The most prominent mineral in Utah was ore
Early settlers mined other things like salt, silver, sulphur, lead, and coal
They would mostly mine only what they needed
Many people got rich from mining in Utah
However, the people who got rich were the people who owned the mines and not those who worked in them

11. Mining cont.
The Bingham brothers were the first to discover ore in the Oquirrh Mountains
Brigham Young actually discouraged the brothers from prospecting
He wanted people to focus on farming and building
Later soldiers from Camp Douglas found silver ore in the canyon
They also began to find gold in the ore
Lead and silver were the most prominent minerals
Copper will not be mined in the area until the turn of the century

12. More Mining
More mines were found in the Oquirrh Mountains such as Stockton, the first non-Mormon town in Utah, and Ophir
Mining towns started to pop up in Little Cottonwood Canyon around Alta and Snowbird ski resorts
Park City in Parley’s Canyon also became a prominent mining town
The area was rich in silver, lead, and gold
Transporting these minerals was difficult and expensive
But it became easier with the building of the railroads

13. A Miner’s Life Working in the mines was very dangerous
People could fall down the mine elevators
People could be crushed by falling rocks or moving mine carts
Many miners developed lung disease from breathing in the dust
The air in the mines could be filled with deadly gas that could be breathed in or cause explosions
Canary in the coal mine
People came from all over the world to work in these mines making $3 dollars a day for 12 hours of work

14. Business and Manufacturing
Many businesses started opening up in mining towns
Lorenzo Snow opened the first cooperative business in Utah, The Brigham City Cooperative Association
These types of businesses are where multiple owners share the costs and benefits of a business
Soon the Zion’s Cooperative Mercantile Institution, ZCMI, opened in Salt Lake City and spread throughout the territory
Many of these coops would import goods from around the country
People in Utah would be able to buy the latest fashions from New York City
Brigham Young encouraged his followers to only do business with other Mormons
How did this make the other businessmen feel?

15. Textiles ZCMI became very successful in producing clothing
The Provo Woolen Mills was the first factory in Utah
At first only men worked in these factories
Later on it became a woman dominated area
Brigham Young began to encourage women and children to produce silk at home
They had to import the silkworms and plant mulberry plants to make silk
The silk industry was not very successful and was over by the end of the century