Participatory Assessment of Water and Sanitation Facilities in Schools A study by CEE AP with support from UNICEF and SSHE

The CEE AP office has undertook a study of the water and sanitation facilities Participatory Assessment of Water and Sanitation Facilities in Schools in 33 schools of Ananthapur, Medak and Vishakapatnam. School Water Sanitation and Hygiene Education (SSHE) cell of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and UNICEF Introduction

The objectives of the study To undertake a participatory assessment of water and sanitation facilities in schools involving students, teachers, parents. To identify and present a set of recommendations for improving the design (hard ware and soft ware) of school water and sanitation facilities based on the participatory assessment.

Innovative methodology Interaction with teachers Interaction with students at the facility Interaction with parents Children designing there toilets Interaction with students with flash cards Visit to home

Hardware component All the schools had toilet facilities In 40% of the schools the urinal facilities were not being used by the students In 75% of the schools the WCs were not being used by the students

Reasons given by students for not using toilet Reasons Number of schools where this reason was given No water available at toilet 12 Toilets are thought to be for exclusive use by teachers 7 Habituated to open defecation and urination 4 No or damaged door for girls urinal 3 Access to toilet not comfortable - distance, growth of bushes 2 Unclean toilets 1 No soak-pit for urinal 1 Small children find screen height inconvenient 1

No provision of door No provision of footrests in girls urinals No provision of water storage facility near urinals No roofHeight of urinals and the screen wall

Facility to drain water and unclean surroundings

Access and Location No protection from misuseTap height

Existing and recommended students : urinal ratio Primary Schools Upper Primary Schools High Schools Average student strength of school Average student strength per class Duration of recess period15 Existing students : urinal ratio14:130:125:1 Proposed students : urinal ratio10:1

Criteria identified by teachers as important for school toilets Criteria for toilet facilityNumber of teachers' scorecards reporting this criteria Infrastructure aspects Water facility (including provision of taps and storage tank) 32 Ventilation 8 Slope, footrests and screen 6 Appropriate students : toilets ratio 6 Separate toilets for boys and girls 5 Roof over urinal 5 Provision of doors 4 Good quality sanitary ware and construction 3 Wall paintings with instructions on use 2 Facilities for physically handicapped students 1 Management aspects Cleanliness 9 Provision of cleaning material 8 Use of toilets 8 Provision of buckets, mug 7 Availability and usage of soap 5

Status of water facilities in schools

Hand pump and drainage Accidents during operation of the pumps

Minor repairs Un cleaned water tank Leaking tank Leaking pipesNo stopper

Software component First-generation toilet users need active encouragement Orientation to masons and quality control during construction Involve students in maintenance Guidelines to head masters for maintenance Orientation to head masters and teachers Monitoring of school sanitation and water facility Awareness building wall paintings

The outcomes with respect to the process Assessment of the state of the water and sanitation infrastructure in each school Assessment of the state of water, sanitation and hygiene behaviour of students and teachers Action plan at school level indicating actions that are needed at various levels and specifying the support required Articulation of commitment for initiating and sustaining action by the significant stakeholders

Children response

Thank you Let there dreams come true!