What goes around comes around Do you agree with this statement? Why?

Why did an assassination spiral the world into a global war?

World War I

Long term causes What is the big picture?

Industrialization Economic transformation Urbanization: population shift to cities as factories are built to house newly developed machines increases as industrial factories develop for new machines to produce goods Industrialization: Machinery increases production creating a demand for raw materials and new markets to sell manufactured goods.

Imperialism The policy or practice of extending a state's rule over other territories Industrialized nations compete for control of resources and markets Demand for raw materials to fill factories Demand for markets to sell products manufactured products

Nationalism A sentiment based on common cultural characteristics that binds a population and often produces a policy of national independence or separatism Social Darwinism/ Scientific Racism ‘Survival of the fittest’ Might makes right: Assertive and aggressive

Militarism The opinions or actions of people who believe that a country should use military methods to gain power and to achieve its goals Arms race New technology for weapons Large armies and expanding naval fleets

Ottoman Empire Declines Fails to industrialize: “Sick man of Europe” No political reform Power vacuum disrupts the balance of power Resources Trade routes: Bosporus and Dardanelles Arabian oil Balkan land

Response Why would the competitive rivalry overseas become a problem for Europe with the decline of the Ottoman Empire?

What goes around comes around European powers aggressively expand around the globe to develop their national economies. With the declining Ottoman Empire, European competition for power arrives on their own doorstep. Rivalry

Short term causes What is happening in Europe?

European Conflict British and German Rivalry Competition between the imperialist powers increased creating diplomatic tensions The Berlin-Baghdad Railroad was designed to avoid the British controlled Suez Canal giving Germany greater access to oil.

Nationalism Unification Division 1871, Germany unification under Emperor Wilhelm after defeating the French and acquiring Alsace-Lorraine 1871, Italian unification Austro-Hungary, Russia and the Ottoman Empire were all multinational states attempting to remain unified Internal pressure during a time of strong nationalism

Militarism Triple Alliance: Austro-Hungary, Germany and Italy Alliances Mobilization Triple Alliance: Austro-Hungary, Germany and Italy Triple Entente: Russia, France, Britain Europeans developed military mobilization plans Example: Germany’s Schlieffen Plan Two fronts: Russia and France Believed France was weak and could be quickly defeated Russia was stronger but would take a long time to mobilize Attack France first and then Russia

The Balkan Peninsula 1908, Young Turks Revolution Austro Hungary expands into Bosnia Balkan League 1912-13 Balkan Wars-Ottoman Empire loses control

Response How do you see diplomacy breaking down among European powers?

What goes around comes around Much of the world is militarily dominated by imperialist powers Protecting national interests leads to alliances backed with increasingly powerful weapons Balkan nationalism stirs up the hornets’ nest Aggression

Immediate causes What is happening in the Balkans?

July Crisis June 28, Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated by a Bosnian nationalist in Sarajevo, Serbia. July 23, With German support Austro- Hungary delivers the July Ultimatum designed to provoke Serbia to war. July 25, Serbia replies to the Ultimatum agreeing to most of its demands, but Austro-Hungary breaks diplomatic ties.

July Crisis cont’d July 28, Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria- Hungary declares war on Serbia. July 30, Russia announces full mobilization as an ally of Serbia August 1, Germany declares war on Russia and implements Schlieffen Plan and

Response European imperialism naturally led to the First World War. If you agree with the statement, what were the connecting cause and effects? If you disagree with the statement, how might things have gone differently? Explain?

What goes around comes around Imperialistic competition overseas become competition at home when the Ottoman Empire declines leaving the Balkans a problem. Military domination overseas becomes an arms race at home leading to military alliances