January 20, 2017 Agenda • Environment Vocab (10) • Africa’s Environmental Issues(11) • Environmental Issues Study Guide(12) Warm-up • Why do people want to live in the Savanna in Africa? Homework: review today’s material

•The Savanna provides much needed water for life and many job opportunities.

Unit 8: People and Places of Africa 1.Unit 8 Standards 2.Warmup (1/9 –1/13) 3.Geography of Africa 4.Political Map 5. Physical Map 6. Biomes Review 7. Climate Zone Facts 8. Impact of Location 9. Warmup (1/16-1/20) 10. Environment Vocab 11. Africa’s Environmental Issues 12.Environmental Issues Study Guide

Savanna

Sahel

Caption •A title or brief explanation appended (added) to an article, illustration, cartoon, or poster.

Slash and burn agriculture Vocabulary Term Definition Deforestation when all of the trees in an area are cut clear for farming, animal grazing, or for use as firewood Slash and burn agriculture cutting down and burning an area of forest land to create fertile soil for farming Desertification when farming or grazing land is permanently converted into unusable desert land Drought a shortage of rainfall Over cultivation farming an area of land too much, or in the wrong way, causing the soil’s nutrients to be used up faster than they can be replaced Over grazing when farm animals feed off a piece of land too often for the plants to grow back poaching illegal hunting of certain species of animals pollution the contamination of air, water, or soil by substances that are harmful to living things

Deforestation, and Desertification Population Increase, Deforestation, and Desertification in Africa

Forests: a critical resource •More than 1 billion people live in or around forests and use forest resources for: •70 million Indigenous Peoples living in remote areas depend completely on forest resources for their livelihoods -Food -Timber -Fuel -Medicine -Income -Clean Water -Building material -Spirituality -Recreation

Why does the Africa suffer from desertification? a typical example Population Increases More demand for energy More demand for cattle Deforestation for firewood Grassland suffers over grazing Roots no longer hold soil together Roots get eaten as well as grass Leaves no longer protect soil from weather Less vegetation means less protection from weather Loose topsoil blown away by wind Loose topsoil blown away by wind (Soil Erosion) (Soil Erosion) = = desertification

Need proof this is happening in Africa? Satellite imagery from the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP)

Population Growth Around Lake Victoria 1960 •The population growth around 100 km buffer zone of the Lake Victoria •Population growth around Lake Victoria, East Africa, is the highest in Africa

Population Growth Around Lake Victoria 2010 •Population growth around Lake Victoria, East Africa, is the highest in Africa

Tai National Park, Côte d’Ivoire –site of world’s highest deforestation rate These images show deforestation rate in the area, believed to be one of the highest in the world •1988: Shows destruction of small forest fragments

Tai National Park, Côte d’Ivoire –site of world’s highest deforestation rate These images show deforestation rate in the area, believed to be one of the highest in the world •2002: The lighter green strip bisecting the images is the result of extensive deforestation and intensive cultivation

Deforestation Around Lake Nakuru, Kenya These images show the land cover degradation in the lake’s catchment •1973: The area that hosts the world’s largest concentration of flamingos

Deforestation Around Lake Nakuru, Kenya These images show the land cover degradation in the lake’s catchment •2000: Much less green shows that huge areas of forest are gone.

Desertification in Ravene, Senegal Images show impact of drought and over-grazing on the woody vegetation •1965: Ancient valleys cutting through gravelly plateaus, with extensive bushland vegetation •The image looks fuzzy because of all of the plant life

Desertification in Ravene, Senegal Harsh edges show rocks: no more plants. •1999: desertification spreads extensively along the shallow valley slopes

Desertification leaves the land barren and unable to support agriculture

Africa’s Environmental Issues NB 11 Environmental Issues Study Guide

Why is it important to preserve wildlife? Daily Closing Why is it important to preserve wildlife?