El Niño-Southern Oscillation
Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO Warm west, cold east Warm everywhere, but particularly in the central Pacific Warming erodes everywhere in response to upwelling (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
Southern Oscillation Index pdiff = p(Tahiti) – p(Darwin) (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
Southern Oscillation Index El Nino: Warmer at Tahiti -> Lower SLP -> Negative SOI La Nina: Cooler at Tahiti -> Higher SLP -> Positive SOI (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
ENSO Monitoring Regions (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
Oceanic Niño Index (Figure obtained from http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/research/divisions/fe/estuarine/oeip/cb-mei.cfm)
Walker Circulation During La Niña Events Enhanced cooling drives enhanced descent Enhanced heating drives enhanced ascent (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
Walker Circulation During El Niño Events Weakened cooling drives substantially weakened descent Enhanced heating drives enhanced ascent (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
El Niño and the Australian Monsoon (Figure obtained from Ch. 3 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
El Niño and W. Hemisphere Hurricanes (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
NH Winter Impacts of El Niño (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
NH Summer Impacts of El Niño (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
NH Winter Impacts of La Niña (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
NH Summer Impacts of La Niña (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
Northern Hemispheric Pattern Modulation by ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
Delayed Oscillator Theory (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
Delayed Oscillator Theory (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
Dynamical Model Forecasts of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
Statistical Model Forecasts of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2016, COMET.)
Forecasting La Niña’s Demise? (Figure obtained from http://iri.columbia.edu/our-expertise/climate/forecasts/enso/current/)