1. The Atmosphere: Part 9: Short term climate variability
The Atmosphere: Part 9: Short term climate variability. El Niño and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Suggested further reading:

2. Monthly SLP anomalies at Tahiti and Darwin (normalized by s.d.)
Correlation between annual mean SLP at Darwin and elsewhere

3. Southern Oscillation Index

4. (black bars = significant negative SOI)
Rainfall (percentiles) at various tropical and subtropical locations
(black bars = significant negative SOI)

5. “Normal” SST in the Pacific (Dec)

7. Phases of the El Niño cycle
“La Niña” (cold event)
“normal”
“El Niño” (warm event)

8. SST anomalies in equatorial Pacific Ocean

9. The SO and El Niño are coupled
E Eq Pac SST
SOI

10. “Normal” SST in the Pacific (Dec)

11. Easterly trade winds produce Ekman drift away from equator — induces upwelling of cold water — equatorial cold tongue

12. The Walker circulation
Atmosphere-ocean feedback

14. Recent evolution — developing La Niña

15. Current anomalies