Presentation by Ms. Maimoona Haider Sir Syed Ahmad Khan Presentation by Ms. Maimoona Haider

Aligarh Movement by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan Why? To increase political awareness among Muslims. To improve Muslim-British relations. To reform Muslim educational system through introducing western education, to lead to better economical status.

Impact: Aligarh Movement by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan Overall improvement in the Muslim educational, social, economical and political status. Led to the creation of Pakistan

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: Educational services Why? Hindus made significant progress. Easy communication with British. Better job opportunities. Defend Islam against western criticism. Overall improvement in Muslim status.

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: Educational services What was done by him? 1859 and 1864: opened schools. 1862: Scientific Society was established. 1866: Issued Aligarh Institute Gazette. 1875: M.A.O School/College ---- status of the Muslim University in 1920. 1886:Mohammedan Educational Conference. Annual meetings in various cities where, by the co-operation of local Muslims, steps were taken for the progress of education.

Aligarh University

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: Educational services Impacts: Muslims began to value education. Muslim revival, self-improvement, better jobs led to economical status. Feelings of self worth/aware of their rights. Educated Muslim to talk, debate and convince the British to listen to them The origin of the All-India Muslim League, in the 20th session of Muhammadan Educational Conference.

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: Social services Aimed to improve Muslim-British relations (Why?) Wanted Muslims to progress like the other communities of India. Attempt to convince both the communities.

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: Social services He wanted Muslims to Establish working relationship with British --- the rulers of the subcontinent. Accept and appreciate good things from western culture, without compromising over their beliefs. Realize the British strength, --- not possible to throw them out of India through rebellion or protests.

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: Social services He wanted British to Respect and appreciate Muslims, their culture and beliefs. Remove doubts about the Muslim loyalty. End hostility against Muslims.

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: Social services What he did? Pamphlet ‘The Causes of the Indian Revolt’--- pointed out British failure to understand Indian feelings was the biggest cause. ‘The Loyal Mohammadans of India’. Highlighted similarities between Islam and Christianity.

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: Social services Impacts/Outcomes: British-Muslim relations restored gradually. British to view Muslims in a new light. Muslim positive attitude towards British. Future years reflected the success. e.g. 1906: Simla Deputation --- British acceptance of Muslim.

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: Political services Warned Muslims of Congress threat ---- advice to stay away. Opposition to extension of democracy in India. Opposition to Congress suggestion of appointments in govt. service by competitive examinations. Role during Hindi-Urdu Controversy. Two-Nation Theory.

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: Political services Impacts/Outcomes: Greater political awareness among Muslims. Muslim concern about their political representation led to the forming of the Muslim League. Two-Nation theory to lead towards the partition of India. Muslims: able to debate with the British confidently about their political rights/representation.

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: Political services Impacts/Outcomes: (cont.) Aligarh University to produce future Muslim leaders. Students of Aligarh University to play a significant role in the Pakistan Movement.

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan:Literary work

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan:Literary work

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan:Literary work