Chemistry of Living Things Chapter 2 Chemistry of Living Things

Terms Chemistry Matter Energy

Atoms Atom Subatomic particles Isotopes and radioactive isotopes Smallest piece of an element Subatomic particles Proton Neutron Electron Isotopes and radioactive isotopes

Atoms © 2014 Cengage Learning.

Scans CAT scan or CT scan MRI PET scan Bone, liver, brain, and spleen scans Sonography or ultrasound

Terms Elements Compounds Molecules

Chemical Bonds Ionic bond Covalent bond Hydrogen bond One atom gives up an electron to another atom Covalent bond The atoms share electrons Hydrogen bond Helps hold water molecules together

Chemical Bonds © 2014 Cengage Learning.

Electrolytes Electrically charged particles that help determine fluid and acid-base balance

Types of Compounds Inorganic compounds Organic compounds Normally do not contain carbon Water is 55-65% of their weight Organic compounds Found in living things Always have carbon

Organic Compounds Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

Carbohydrates Elements Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides

Lipids Elements Fats Phospholipids Steroids Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Fats Phospholipids Steroids

Proteins Elements Most diverse and essential organic compounds Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; and often, phosphorus and sulfur Most diverse and essential organic compounds Found in every living part of a living cell Amino acids

Enzymes Specialized protein molecules Found in all living cells Help control chemical reactions Organic catalysts Highly specific in their actions

Nucleic Acids Organic compounds containing carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus Structure of nucleic acids DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid RNA Ribonucleic acid

Acids Sour taste When dissolved in water, will ionize into positively charged hydrogen ions (H+) and negatively charged ions of some other element or more simply … Yields hydrogen ions (H+) in solution Litmus paper testing

Bases Bitter taste Also called alkali When dissolved in water, will ionize into negatively charged hydroxide (OH-) and positively charged ions of a metal Litmus paper testing

Neutralization and Salts Exchange reaction Acid + base = salt + water HCL + NaOH = NaCL + H2O

pH Scale Measure of acidity or alkalinity Ranges from 0 to 14 pH of 7.0 = neutral pH 0-6.9 = acid pH 7.1-14 = alkaline

Homeostasis Homeostasis is essential for living cells to function optimally Maintenance of a balanced pH Through a compound called a buffer (NaHCO3) Intracellular and extracellular fluids