Regeneration - Enquiry Question 2 Why might regeneration be needed? 4A.5 There are significant variations in the lived experience of place and engagement with them. There are wide variations in levels of engagement in local communities (local and national election turnout, development and support for local community groups). (A: local communities vary in attitudes) Lived experience of, and attachment to, places varies according to age, ethnicity, gender, length of residence (new migrants, students) and levels of deprivation; these in turn impact on levels of engagement. (A: Attachment to places influence attitudes) Conflicts can occur among contrasting groups in communities that have different views about the priorities and strategies for regeneration, these have complex causes (lack of political engagement and representation, ethnic tensions, inequality and lack of economic opportunity). (P: Players vary attitudes(A) and may have contrasting approaches (F)

Regeneration – Levels of Engagement By the end of this lesson you will have: Understood how levels of engagement are measured Considered how attitudes in local communities varies Applied this to local and national examples

Learning Outcomes EQ2: Why might regeneration be needed? Content By the end of the lesson, you will be able to explain which groups of people are most likely to get involved in community engagement, and which groups are least likely, and you will be able to give reasons for why this is. We will also look at what happens when people’s views for regeneration differ. Process We will do this through class discussion, a mini webquest and completing some thoughtful and well explained predictions. Key terms Lived experience. Studentification.

Starter – What is our political engagement? 1. Who is the prime minister of the Country? 2. Who is the leader of the opposition? 3. Who is the secretary of state for education? 4. How many signatures does a proposal have to get to be discussed in parliament? 5. What is the difference between a councillor and an MP? 6. Who has more control of their own country; the prime minster or the president? Think, Pair, Share: What do the different scores in the room tell us about different levels of engagement? How might levels of engagement make you more powerful?

Election Turnout Election turnout is a good way to measure engagement There are local and national elections Local: Councillors/Police crime commissioner National: MP Local elections Is only about 36% Some have called for compulsory voting National elections UK has an extremely low turnout of young people There are 7.5million voters who remain unregistered Urban areas tend to vote Labour Rural areas tend to vote Conservative or Liberal

Election Turnout THINK: What are the implications for low election turnout? THINK: How might voting turnout be representative of the attitudes of people living in the area? SUGGEST: Ways in which we could change this

Community Engagement It is important for geographers to understand how residents regard the places in which they live and how their views and opinions contrast with that of the government. Decisions made by the government and big companies are called ‘top- down’ decisions. They often don’t meet the needs of local people as the people who make these decisions have often lived very different lives to the residents that they are planning for. This can cause political apathy, which basically means that people will unwillingly accept the conditions they find themselves living in, but feel powerless to do anything about them. This can lead to conflict eventually.

Community Engagement People who have a connection to an area, and who have a ‘lived experience’ are more likely to involve themselves with engagement activities and consultation. Consider these five demographic groups. What do you expect to see in terms of engagement? Age Ethnicity Gender Levels of deprivation Length of residence NB: The following statistics are based on political engagement, measured in 2015 by the polling company IPSOS Mori.

18-24s almost half as likely to vote as those aged 65. Political Engagement Ethnicity Ethnic groups are traditionally less likely to be involved with community engagement. This is changing of late…can you think why? Gender Politically this is fairly even between men and women (turn out of 67% and 66% respectively in 2015) however women are more likely to engage in community engagement activities. Length of residence People who have lived in an area for longer are going to have more of a ‘lived experience’ and therefore going to be more concerned about their area, and will want their voices heard. Level of deprivation As a London news website once said: ‘the poor don’t vote’. Research has found that deprived areas have little involvement in engagement and politics, creating a cycle as they are more and more excluded. Age 18-24s almost half as likely to vote as those aged 65. In 2010, 43% of people aged 18-24 voted compared to 78% of those aged 65. Data from: https://www.ipsos-mori.com/researchpublications/researcharchive/3575/How-Britain-voted-in-2015.aspx HOWEVER…! It is suggested that deprived minority groups will involve themselves. It is thought this is as a consequence of facing prejudice or exploitation.

Write up ‘Describe how levels of engagement vary in the UK’ (4)

Factors affecting lived experience If this is the answer what is the question? Use page 241 of your textbook to suggest what the question would be for the following answers: A. Membership and Influence A. They may indicate economic specialisms even if they are now defunct A. Young people A. They made specific policies to promote a sense of national place

Marginalisation, Exclusion and Social Polarisation Often, some are marginalised from society due to wealth, religion, language or customs. This leads to social segregation. This creates multi-communities within an area for example Levenshulme has many different communities who all belong to Levenshulme Problems occur when people have a different idea about what they want in their community Some groups may want more social housing built whereas others may want more executive homes built. Other groups may want no further building at all! THINK: What community groups can you think of in your local area? Do their aims conflict one another's?

Views and Conflicts Each group will have to read and make notes on either: Studentification Barton Farm The Northern Powerhouse Make notes to feed back to the class

Write up ‘Examine how varied conflict in communities can affect needs for regeneration’ (8)

Plenary – Quiz 1. Who do people vote for in national elections? 2. What is the average turnout for local elections? 3. Which two factors affect a person’s sense of place? 4. Why did the Government try and promote British Values and Citizenship? 5. What is social segregation? 6. How might studentification affect engagement? 7. Give an example of a conflict which has occurred because of varied attitudes for a community

Homework – Due Fri 24rd November ‘Assess why engagement with people and their homes varies in the UK’ (12)