Chapter 17 Section 1 Notes U.S. Mobilizes for War After Pearl Harbor Japan thought U.S. would back away from conflict U.S. did just the opposite Got ticked off Wanted revenge

Expansion of the Military 5 million men volunteer for service within 1st 6 months Not enough to fight “2 wars” In Pacific (Japan) In Atlantic (Germany/Italy) Selective Service expands the draft 18 – 45 year olds 10 million more soldiers All races and ethnicities included Discrimination and segregation exist No women

Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps Formed by Gen. George Marshall Around 350,000 served All volunteers Non-combat positions only Nurses, radio operators, pilots, etc…

Minority Contributions to the Military 1 million African Americans No combat until 1943 300,000 Mexican Americans 50,000 Asian Americans Chinese and Japanese served as spies, interpreters 25,000 Native Americans

Industrial Wartime Production Most industries converted to help the war effort Auto industry most affected No cars made for civilian use from February 1942 until after war ends in September 1945. Made tanks, jeeps, planes, boats, etc… Jeep production Willow Run bomber plant in Ypsilanti, MI

Shipyards added & expanded Henry Kaiser led construction of 7 new ones in California East Coast shipyards modernized (WWI) Constructed huge ships in record time At 1st, 1 built every 4 days (1942) 1 per day by 1945 Bethlehem Steel Shipyard in NY b

Work force in the U.S. during the war At 1st, U.S. govt. and businesses were worried there wouldn’t be enough workers due to the draft They were wrong 18 million in factories at the high point (1944) 6 million were women did traditionally male jobs (hard manual labor) were paid around half of what males made

2 million were minorities Between WWI & WWII, not allowed to work in many factory jobs due to discrimination A. Phillip Randolph Most well respected black labor leader Organized a march on the Capitol of around 100,000 that was supposed to occur July 1941 FDR met with him and got march stopped FDR ordered war industries to end race discrimination

Scientific discoveries during the war Office of Scientific Research and Development Improved radar and sonar Developed pesticides (DDT) to fight insects and lice Developed penicillin Began to develop atomic bomb Took around 3 years to complete Manhattan Project (more in Section 3)

Supply and Demand within the U.S. during the war most production geared towards war = less production for consumers in U.S. higher prices for products (inflation)

3 ways U.S. Gov. tries to keep inflation low Office of Price Administration (OPA) Created to “freeze” prices Set up a system of rationing products everyone got an = amount. Black Market still existed Raised income taxes Reduced demand on consumer products Encouraged people to buy bonds

War Production Board (WPB) determined what kind of products each company would make determined what raw materials would go to each industry led recycling drives around the country

Propaganda Kept morale high, encouraged enlistment Sometimes racist, sexist Especially against Japanese Types: Visual Ads Radio ads Newsreels “Shorts” Full Length Movies Most famous producer = Frank Capra