Filter Design by Windowing

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Presentation transcript:

Filter Design by Windowing Simplest way of designing FIR filters Method is all discrete-time no continuous-time involved Start with ideal frequency response Choose ideal frequency response as desired response Most ideal impulse responses are of infinite length The easiest way to obtain a causal FIR filter from ideal is More generally الفريق الأكاديمي لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية

Windowing in Frequency Domain Windowed frequency response The windowed version is smeared version of desired response If w[n]=1 for all n, then W(ej) is pulse train with 2 period الفريق الأكاديمي لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية

لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية Properties of Windows Prefer windows that concentrate around DC in frequency Less smearing, closer approximation Prefer window that has minimal span in time Less coefficient in designed filter, computationally efficient So we want concentration in time and in frequency Contradictory requirements Example: Rectangular window Demo الفريق الأكاديمي لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية

لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية Rectangular Window Narrowest main lob 4/(M+1) Sharpest transitions at discontinuities in frequency Large side lobs -13 dB Large oscillation around discontinuities Simplest window possible الفريق الأكاديمي لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية

Bartlett (Triangular) Window Medium main lob 8/M Side lobs -25 dB Hamming window performs better Simple equation الفريق الأكاديمي لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية

لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية Hanning Window Medium main lob 8/M Side lobs -31 dB Hamming window performs better Same complexity as Hamming الفريق الأكاديمي لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية

لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية Hamming Window Medium main lob 8/M Good side lobs -41 dB Simpler than Blackman الفريق الأكاديمي لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية

لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية Blackman Window Large main lob 12/M Very good side lobs -57 dB Complex equation Windows Demo الفريق الأكاديمي لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية

Incorporation of Generalized Linear Phase Windows are designed with linear phase in mind Symmetric around M/2 So their Fourier transform are of the form Will keep symmetry properties of the desired impulse response Assume symmetric desired response With symmetric window Periodic convolution of real functions الفريق الأكاديمي لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية

Linear-Phase Lowpass filter Desired frequency response Corresponding impulse response Desired response is even symmetric, use symmetric window الفريق الأكاديمي لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية

Kaiser Window Filter Design Method Parameterized equation forming a set of windows Parameter to change main-lob width and side-lob area trade-off I0(.) represents zeroth-order modified Bessel function of 1st kind الفريق الأكاديمي لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية

Determining Kaiser Window Parameters Given filter specifications Kaiser developed empirical equations Given the peak approximation error  or in dB as A=-20log10  and transition band width The shape parameter  should be The filter order M is determined approximately by الفريق الأكاديمي لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية

Example: Kaiser Window Design of a Lowpass Filter Specifications Window design methods assume Determine cut-off frequency Due to the symmetry we can choose it to be Compute And Kaiser window parameters Then the impulse response is given as الفريق الأكاديمي لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية

لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية Example Cont’d Approximation Error الفريق الأكاديمي لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية

General Frequency Selective Filters A general multiband impulse response can be written as Window methods can be applied to multiband filters Example multiband frequency response Special cases of Bandpass Highpass Bandstop الفريق الأكاديمي لجنة الهندسة الكهربائية