Chapter Three Section TWO The Agricultural Revolution

Warm Up Video- Followed by warm up questions- According to the video how might agriculture have begun? How did this discovery change the way humans lived?

PG 62 Neolithic times Neolithic Age After the last Ice Age- temps rose- people moved to find mild climates and fertile land People began staying in one place to grow crops- farming replaced hunting and gathering- people began to domesticate animals ~ These changes were the start of the Neolithic Age- lasted from 8000BC to around 4000BC- also called the New Stone Age The real shift to the New Stone Age was the start of systematic agriculture Neolithic Age

PG 63 Big Changes Settled farming was called the Agricultural Revolution Humans lived differently once they learned to grow their own food They produced a constant supply of food- the population grew- they gave up the nomad life Some historians consider the Agricultural Revolution the most important event in human history.

PG 64 8000BC people in SW Asia began to grow wheat and barley and domesticate pigs, cows, goats, and sheep By 4000BC farming was an established economic activity The Nile River began growing barley and wheat around 6000BC- farming spread along the Nile and central Africa China began growing millet and domesticating dogs and pigs in 6000BC Farmers in SW Asia began growing rice in 5000BC which spread to southern China Between 7000 and 5000BC people in Mexico were growing corn, squash, and potatoes and domesticating dogs and chickens. Widespread Farming

Life in the Neolithic age PG 65 Life in the Neolithic age Neolithic Communities People built permanent homes and villages near water sources. ~SW Asia had the biggest and earliest known communities. One of the oldest communities was Jericho- near present day Israel and Jordan. Jericho was well established by 8000BC- spread across several acres- and was surrounded by thick walls

PG 66 Catalhuyuk- in present day Turkey was another well- known Neolithic community It existed between 6700 and 5700BC and covered 32 acres and housed about 6000 people People entered these homes through holes in the roofs Catalhuyuk also had shrines decorated with paintings-showed the importance of religion Farmers grew on land outside the community- people grew their own food and raised their own livestock-they got more food from the marshes and some still hunted. (pg 66 continued on the next slide)

PG 66 Benefits of Settled Life Settles life provided security- steady food- better health- population growth- more workers and an abundant amount of food for the people. People learned a specialized trade These specific jobs included skilled workers, weapon makers, jewelers, pottery makers, cloth makers, and even basket weavers

PG 67 The craftsmen and farmers exchanged (traded) what they made for things that they did not have or could not make themselves. In settlements, men worked the fields, herded animals, protected the village and became family/community leaders. Women bore the children, stayed in the village, wove cloth, made clothing, managed the food supplies, and performed other tasks. The large population growth in settlements caused a shortage of resources leaving people to abandon many settlements. (Pg 67 continued on next slide)

PG 67 End of the Neolithic Age Technological advancement from the Neolithic Age- better farming tools (hoes, sickles and millstones), metal work (copper), and metal tools. Western Asia people mixed copper and tin to form bronze Bronze was stronger than copper and widely used from 3000 to 1200BC- a period known as the Bronze Age.

PG 68 Civilizations Emerge Cities and government Complex cultures developed- civilizations developed in communities- 4 great civilizations developed around 3000BC in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China. Civilizations developed cities and formed governments Civilizations developed near water and fertile land Rivers encouraged trade People formed governments to protect themselves and their supplies First governments were monarchies led by a king or queen Governments created armies, made laws, and managed food supplies and building projects. Cities and government

PG 69 Religion Social Structure Religions grew to help people explain their lives Early people believed gods were responsible for the communities survival. Priests performed religious ceremonies Rulers said their powers came from the gods People in society organized into groups Peoples types of work and amount of wealth defined these groups Highest class- rulers, priests, warriors, and government officials Middle class- free people- farmers, artisans, and craftspeople Bottom class- enslaved people- slave class

PG 69 Writing and Art Writing was developed to pass on information Early writing was symbols not letters Used writing to keep records and preserve stories Created art for practical and enjoyment purposes Much of art and architecture revolved around religious beliefs.