Integumentary System Chapter 5.

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Presentation transcript:

Integumentary System Chapter 5

Skin Color

Skin Pigments: Melanin Carotene Hemoglobin Two forms: brown-black & pink-red Made by melanocytes Only found in deeper layers of epidermis Freckles & moles = local accumulations of melanin Protect DNA from UV radiation Carotene Yellow-orange (from carrots) Accumulate in stratum corneum, hypodermis Carotene converts to Vitamin A in body Asians: yellowish skin = melanin + carotene Hemoglobin Pinkish hue Red blood cells in capillaries http://images.medicinenet.com/images/illustrations/blood_cells.jpg

Homeostatic Imbalances Cyanosis: poorly oxygenated blood, blue color Excessive sun exposure: leathery skin, rashes, skin cancer Redness: blushing, fever, allergy, inflammation, hypertension (high BP) Pale skin (pallor): anemia, low blood pressure, fear, anger Jaundice (yellow cast): liver disorder (bile pigments = bilirubin) Bronzing: Addison’s disease, pituitary gland tumors Bruises: blood clots under skin

Appendages of the Skin

Sweat glands Two types: Eccrine sweat glands: releases sweat (99% water, salts, vitamin C, antibodies, wastes) Abundant on palms, soles of feet, forehead Evaporative cooling Apocrine sweat glands: Sweat + fatty substances & proteins  milky/yellowish With bacteria = body odor Activated at puberty  sexual scent gland?

Sebaceous glands Secrete oil (sebum) into the hair follicle Waterproofing skin Soften & lubricate hair, skin Kills bacteria

Whitehead = blocked sebaceous gland Blackhead = sebum oxidizes and dries

Acne = active inflammation of sebaceous glands caused by bacterial infection (staph) Treatment: Reduce oil production Speed up skin cell turnover (prevent plugged follicles) Fight bacterial infection Reduce inflammation

Hair (pili) 2 main regions: hair root & hair shaft Project from follicles in dermis Consists of dead, keratinized cells Arrector pili (smooth muscles) attached to hair root  pulls hair upright

nails Grows from nail matrix Visible part of nail is nail body Cuticle covers nail root Contains hard keratin