Challenges and Change in Comparative Politics Chapter 1 Challenges and Change in Comparative Politics

Modernization *1980s - ¼ of the world’s population lived in poverty, unable to meet basic needs. * Number has dropped by 1% each year since even with the population continuing to expand * Conclusion: the world today is much richer than a generation or two ago

Nations becoming more open to and dependent on one another. Globalization Nations becoming more open to and dependent on one another. Positive Increasing trade in goods and services 2. Lowered the prices of goods 3. Citizens share common social norms of this international system Negative Outsourcing of Jobs 2. Countries “hermit” themselves

What is Comparative Politics Government Systems: On their own or representing their citizens, take actions that can help or hurt economic development. How??

The state tries to dominate Political Science is the study of those decisions both public and authoritative. Public: deals with collective decisions that extend beyond the individual and private life. In Totalitarian states, public sphere is large,and private is limited. The state tries to dominate

Authoritative - governments may use Persuasion Inducements Force example : Pope v IRS why?

Politics: Activities associated with the control of public decisions among a given people, in a given territory, where the control may be backed up my Authoritative means. Who gets what, when, & how

Challenges for building a community in the absence of a homogeneous population… End of History 3rd Wave

Building a common identity and sense of community is important Conflicts: National, Ethnic, or Religious Difficult when there is no shared common bond or set of goals Homogeneity is easier- ex: Japan

State v. Nation Common Identity Ethnicity Language Religion

Religious fundamentalism…. Religion Has both helped and hurt the :democracy train. Help: Latin America. Hurt: Poland under communism Religious fundamentalism….

Human Development Index Common Course toward development Economic Development Human Development Index Common Course toward development Transformation from agrarian to industrial to advanced industrial 5 countries in book agricultural employment is below 10% Poorer nations= ⅔ working in

Gross National Product Not going to solve ALL problems Money Gross National Income Gross National Product Not going to solve ALL problems Health, income, opportunity rarely distributed evenly…. Can lead to political conflict

Human Rights & Civil Liberties Democracy- “government by the people” Authoritarian Oligarchy - ruled by the few Totalitarian- government constricts rights and privacy of its citizens

1st half of the 20th century -most converted to Democracy Democratic Waves… 1st half of the 20th century -most converted to Democracy Post WWII 1943-1960 -India, Nigeria etc. 1974- Southern Europe, East Asia, some African states. Most recently the Arab Spring

Community and Nation building Security and order Protecting rights What governments do.. Community and Nation building Security and order Protecting rights Promoting economic growth Social justice Protecting the weak

Destruction of community Violations of basic human rights What governments do… Destruction of community Violations of basic human rights Economic inefficiency Government for private gain Vested interests and inertia