Skeletal System

Functions: Supports the body Protects soft body parts Produces blood cells Stores minerals and fat Skeleton + muscle – allow body to move

Tissues of the skeletal system: Bone Cartilage Dense fibrous connective tissue

hyaline cartilage (articular cartilage) growth plate spongy bone (contains red bone marrow) compact bone medullary cavity (contains yellow bone marrow) periosteum blood vessel Hyaline cartilage matrix chondrocytes inlacunae 50 µm

hyaline cartilage growth plate spongy bone (contains red bone marrow) compact bone Medullary cavity (contains yellow bone marrow) Periosteum blood vessel Endosteum Diaphysis Epiphysis

Bone classification By shape – long, short, flat, irregular By location – axial and appendicular

Fig. 11.7 parietal bone maxilla palatine bone frontal bone zygomatic bone vomer bone sphenoid bone nasal bone ethmoid bone lacrimal bone temporal bone zygomatic bone Fig. 11.7 maxilla occipital bone foramen magnum external auditory canal styloid process occipital bone mandible

frontal bone temporal bone nasal bone zygomatic bone maxilla mandible

larynx hyoid bone

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 spinous process of vertebra transverse intervertebral disks Seven cervical vertebrae in neck region Twelve thoracic vertebrae - Ribs attach here. Five lumbar small of back Sacrum: Five fused vertebrae in adult Coccyx: Usually three to five fused vertebrae form the “tailbone.”

thoracic vertebra 1 2 3 4 true ribs 5 sternum 6 7 8 false ribs ribs 9 10 12 costal cartilage 11 floating ribs

Fig. 11.6 Skull: Skull: frontal bone parietal bone zygomatic bone temporal bone maxilla occipital bone mandible Pectoral girdle: clavicle clavicle scapula scapula humerus Rib cage: vertebral column sternum ribs costal cartilages ulna Pelvic girdle: radius coxal bones carpals sacrum coccyx metacarpals phalanges Fig. 11.6 femur patella fibula tibia metatarsals tarsals phalanges a. b.

clavicle acromion process coracoid process greater tubercle Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. clavicle acromion process coracoid process greater tubercle glenoid cavity scapula deltoid tuberosity humerus capitulum head of radius trochlea radius ulna head of ulna carpals metacarpals phalanges

ilium acetabulum head of femur coxal bone pubis neck ischium Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ilium acetabulum head of femur coxal bone pubis neck ischium greater trochanter lesser trochanter femur medial condyle patella (kneecap) lateral epicondyle tibial tuberosity head of fibula tibia fibula medial malleolus lateral malleolus tarsals talus metatarsals phalanges

Fig. 11.6 Skull: Skull: frontal bone parietal bone zygomatic bone Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Skull: Skull: frontal bone parietal bone zygomatic bone temporal bone maxilla occipital bone mandible Pectoral girdle: clavicle clavicle scapula scapula humerus Rib cage: vertebral column sternum ribs costal cartilages ulna Pelvic girdle: radius coxal bones carpals sacrum coccyx metacarpals phalanges Fig. 11.6 femur patella fibula tibia metatarsals tarsals phalanges a. b.

a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. z. y. x. w. v. u. t. s. r. q. p.

bursae joint cavity filled with synovial fluid articular cartilage meniscus meniscus ligament ligament head of humerus scapula b. Generalized synovial joint ulna humerus c. Ball-and-socket joint a. A gymnast depends on flexible joints. d. Hinge joint

. extension flexion abduction Flexion: Joint angle decreases. Extension: increases. Adduction: Body part moves toward midline. Abduction: away from midline. adduction Inversion: Sole of foot turns inward. Rotation: Body part moves around its own axis. Circumduction: so that a cone shape is outlined. Eversion: turns outward.