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Presentation transcript:

Psychwrite: Date: 1 pt Copy Question: 1 pt Answer in 3-5 lines: 3 pts Explain, using examples, whether you feel your personality is determined more by your traits or by the situations you find yourself in.

Upcoming Schedule Today–Trait Theory Friday – Humanistic Theory & Personality Testing Tuesday - Emotional Intelligence & Inside Out Thursday – Inside Out Monday – Personality Project Wednesday – Personality project due

Assessment: Projective tests How do you “measure” the unconscious? Ambiguous stimulus Subjective TAT: Thematic Apperception Test (Look at picture. What do you think it is about?) Rorschach (Inkblot) test (Look at inkblot. What do you think it is?)

TAT

Rorschach

Problems with Projective tests VALIDITY: Does it measure what it is supposed to? RELIABILITY: Consistent scores?

Freudian theory today Controversial theory Lacks scientific evidence (how do you measure these concepts?) Lacks GENERALIZABILITY! He used a small sample of sick Victorian women and generalized to all people (male and female, healthy and sick) Theory has become MORE important to literature & movies than it is to modern psychology Development is lifelong (not just childhood emphasis) Is repression real? (disruption of hippocampus in trauma?) What is the unconscious? (automatic/parallel processing, implicit memories, schemas)

Trait Theory Personality

Psychodynamic v. trait theory Sigmund Freud Gordon Allport Focus: Explain WHY you have this personality EGO processes unconscious conflicts between the ID & SUPEREGO Personality testing should uncover “hidden” meanings Define personality in terms of stable behavior patterns. Focus: DESCRIBE basic traits that make up human personality

Trait theory: Origins The Ancient Greeks Let’s take a personality quiz 13. Hippocrates (ever heard of the hippocratic oath?)

Trait Theory: origins William Sheldon’s Somatotypes (body types)

William Sheldon Physique Temperament Endomorphic Viscerotonic soft relaxed round sociable overweight tolerant Mesomorphic Somatotonic strong energetic muscular assertive broad shouldered courageous Ectomorphic Cerebrotonic long timid, artistic thin introvertive fragile intellectual

Gordon allport 18,000 different traits in the dictionary Personalities made up of: #1: Cardinal traits: a pervasive trait that governs everything a person does. Example: Mother Teresa

Gordon Allport #2: Central traits: traits expected of a person most of the time, usually a cluster of 5 – 7 descriptive terms. Example: How would you MOM describe you? #3: Secondary traits: situation-specific traits that help round out your personality (attitudes, specific behavior patterns, skills, preferences). Less important and more likely to change. Example: What’s your favorite candy bar?

Now…The BIG 5 Eysenck & eysenck

IPIP-NEO International Personality Item Pool Measure personality traits associated with the Big 5. Objective Short form, 120 questions

Jung Typology test Shortened version of Meyers-Briggs Typology Inventory(MBTI) 70 “Yes” or “No” questions Objective test: How you answer the question determines the “strength” of that personality dimension. “I like to be in crowds” Yes: extrovert No: introvert

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Type A & Type B Personalities Which are you? Complete Type A/Type B scale

The Barnum effect “There’s a sucker born every minute.” -P.T. Barnum When a person finds personal meaning in statements that could apply to many people.

How do you squeeze your toothpaste?

evaluation: Trait theory/Testing Very descriptive – especially compared to handwriting and inkblot testing Verifiable with data Objective rather than subjective Criticisms: The person-situation controversy…do trait theorists underestimate the variability of behavior from situation to situation? How do you account for situations in a trait test or a type test?