Violence Violence: the use of force to kill, injure, or abuse others. Most violence is never reported, and can affect both the young and the old. The U.S. is one of the most violent nations in the world.

Interpersonal Violence College Campuses Children Intimate violence -Females between the ages of 16 and 24 have rates of victimization by an intimate partner that are nearly three times the national average.

Domestic Terrorism The use, or threatened use, of violence by people operating entirely within the U.S. to intimidate or coerce the government and/or citizens in order to reach certain social or political aims. Oklahoma City bombing. Many other militias and groups.

Violence & the Quality of Life Human Injury & Destruction Psychological Disruption and Dehumanization Violence as Seductive Self-Destruction Economic Costs

Social Structural Factors Norms Group norms legitimate various kinds of violent behavior Violence is likely to elicit more violence Physical punishment

Social Structural Factors – Cont. Political Arrangements Political trust Political efficacy Riot participation

Role of Mass Media Children who watch television regularly, play video games, or attend movies are likely to be exposed to thousands of violent deaths and a staggering number of violent incidents during their childhood

Weapon Usage in Crimes

Weapons The Politics of Gun Control Americans are one of the most heavily armed people on earth. In 2011, 45% of American homes had guns. Since 1960, more than a million Americans have died from gun-related homicides.

Social Psychological Factors Attitudes Relative deprivation J-curve theory of revolution Values Retribution and self-defense

Rape Forcible Rape: the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will. (FORMER 80 year DEFINITION)

Rape NEW DEFINITION: (December 2011) The UCR Program’s definition of rape is “Penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.”

Rape Statutory Rape: sexual intercourse with a female who is under the legal age of consent. Incest: Exploitative sexual contact between relatives in which the victim is under the age of 18. In 2010 the FBI reported nearly 85,000 rapes.

Rape and the Quality of Life Emotional and Physical Trauma Rape trauma syndrome Physical Abuse Rape is an act of violence rather than an act of sexual passion.

Contributing Factors Social Structural Factors Traditional norms about sex roles College norm of heavy drinking at parties Negative family experiences Lack of involvement of family members with each other. Mass Media

Contributing Factors Social Psychological Factors Attitudes Justification and Values