The Age of Napoleon

Napoleon Rises to Power Military training at age 9 Ambitious 20 yr old when revolution started Favored Jacobin republic rule Conflicting ideas so choose victor “better to eat than be eaten”

Victories Cloud Losses Rose quickly in army Several victories against Austria Captured Northern Italy Network of spies and censored the press to hide losses Overthrew weak Directory, set up three man governing board Another constitution

Victories Cloud Losses Took title first consul In 1802 had himself named consul for life

Napoleon Crowns Himself Emperor Two years later, Emperor of the French Invited pope to coronation but crowned himself Plebiscite- popular vote by ballot Democratic despotism

Napoleon Reforms France Strengthened central government Liberty, equality, and fraternity (the new slogan) Controlled prices Public works Public schools- to ensure well trained officials Support across class lines

Napoleon Reforms France Jobs based on talent Napoleonic Code- embodied Enlightenment principles

Napoleon Builds an Empire Successfully battled greatest European Powers Valued rapid movement Napoleons presence “worth 40,000 troops

The Map of Europe is redrawn Annexed(incorporated) the Netherlands, Belgium, and parts of Italy and Germany Confederation of the Rhine Grand Duchy of Warsaw Placed friends/relatives on European throws Took Spain, made brother King Forced Countries into alliances

Napoleon Strike Britain Relied on sea power to stop Napoleon Readied to invade but Brits sink French fleet Continental System- closed European ports to British goods* Britain responded by blockading European ports British attacks on American ships sparked war of 1812

Napoleon Strike Britain Continental system failed Scarcity of goods in Europe, soaring prices Set up Revolutionary governments in Europe

Napoleons Empire Faces Challenges Continued pursuit of world domination Invaded Russia

Nationalism Works Against Napoleon Others saw Napoleon as foreign oppressor Revolutionary ideas spark nationalism

Spain and Austria Battle the French Resistance bled French occupying forces dry French responded with brutal oppression Further inflamed nationalism Guerrilla warfare- hit and run raids Hit supply trains and troops Encouraged Austria to do the same Napoleon squashes them

The Russian Winter Strops the Grand Army Tsar withdrew support of Continental system Napoleon assembles Grand Army 600,000 troops, 50,000 horses Invaded Russia Scorched-earth policy Fewer than 20,000 survive

Napoleon Falls from Power European powers Ally