IALA proposals for Preliminary Draft New Recommendation ITU-R M.[VDES] International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) IALA proposals for Preliminary Draft New Recommendation ITU-R M.[VDES] Stefan Bober IALA e-NAV Committee AIS/COMMS WG

IALA's Role in Marine Aids to Navigation IALA – AISM International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities 10 rue des Gaudines 78100 St Germain en Laye, France contact@iala-aism.org

A non-profit, international technical association Established 1957 International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) A non-profit, international technical association Established 1957 Creates “IALA Recommendations” and “IALA Guidelines” For Marine aids-to-navigation Including Vessel Traffic Services

IALA’s Purpose The aim of IALA is to foster the safe and efficient movement of vessels through the improvement and harmonisation of marine aids to navigation worldwide, and by other appropriate means. IALA’s Strategic Domain The term ‘Marine Aid to Navigation ‘ means a device, system, or service, external to a vessel, designed and operated to enhance safe and efficient navigation of all vessels and/or vessel traffic The organisation shall have a consultative, recommendatory, and technical nature

IALA’s Committee structure IALA Recommendations and Guidelines Guidance documents are developed by four Technical Committees (ARM) AtoN Requirements and Management (ENAV) e-Navigation (VTS) Vessel Traffic Services (ENG) AtoN Engineering and Sustainability Meeting twice a year at IALA HQ Typical meeting attendance is 70-100

IALA’s work on Communication Systems IALA Maritime Radio Communication Plan Developed to assist in selection of systems to support maritime communication To state the IALA vision for use of the spectrum Focus on the need for an agreed infrastructure Guidance to IALA members One step in the work on future use of the spectrum was the development of the Maritime Radio Communication Plan. The first edition was published 2009 and it was updated 2012 and last year, 2013, was a special edition developed and sent to ITU on invitation by ITU WP5B. The main purposes of the plan are shown here.

IALA’s work on Communication Systems Automatic Identification System - AIS exactEarth Collision avoidance Satelite tracking As VTS tool Inland AIS

IALA’s work on Communication Systems Need for additional means for date exchange expanding use of AIS technology causes significant load of the AIS channels emerging high VDL loading in busy areas Gulf of Mexico 64 % Korea 40 % Japan 40 % future introduction of e-Nav with the expected need for more data exchange -> existing AIS will not be able to cope future requirements for data exchange

IALA’s work on Communication Systems The concept of VHF Data Exchange System VDES concept addresses the need for additional capacity for digital data exchange protecting the original function of AIS identification, position reporting and tracking provides capability for maritime data exchange for safety, security, efficiency and the protection of the environment globally interoperability and availability dedicated to maritime safety communication -> support of maritime data communication, e-Nav, and modernization of GMDSS

IALA’s work on Communication Systems VDES concept integrates several function of VHF Data Exchange: AIS Function of AIS: - Automatic Identification System -

IALA’s work on Communication Systems AIS remains unchanged for its original purpose functions: identification of ships position reporting and tracking navigational ship data support of search and rescue technical characteristic: radio channel AIS 1, AIS2, Ch 75 and CH 76 all tailored messages, e.g. msg 1,2,3,4,5,9,18,21,23 some ASM remains, at least for transitional phase channel management might be restricted -> AIS stays as it is, however considers other functions of the VDES

IALA’s work on Communication Systems VDES concept integrates several function of VHF Data Exchange: AIS + ASM Function of ASM: - Application Specific Messages -

IALA’s work on Communication Systems Application Specific Message ASM Most of the existing application specific messages and new messages will be moved to new channels called ASM functions: IMO defined ASM regional ASM allows for “real” communication including acknowledgement high reliability of message reception technical characteristic: radio channel ASM 1, ASM2, higher capacity than AIS channels message structure as for msg 6,7,8,12,13,14,25,26 -> ASM with more capacity and better reliability of message delivery

IALA’s work on Communication Systems VDES concept integrates several function of VHF Data Exchange: AIS + ASM + VDE Function of VDE: - VHF Data Exchange - Terrestrial -

IALA’s work on Communication Systems VHF Data Exchange - terrestrial VHF Data Exchange provides higher capacity data trans-mission with different message structure than AIS and ASM functions: higher capacity data exchange terrestrial exchange ship<->ship and ship<->shore allows for “real” communication including acknowledgement high reliability of message reception technical characteristic: 6 international radio channel additional regional channels channel merging for higher data rate -> VDE terrestrial for higher volume data exchange

IALA’s work on Communication Systems VDES concept integrates several function of VHF Data Exchange: AIS + ASM + VDE + Sat Function of VDE: - VHF Data Exchange – Satellite – - Uplink -

IALA’s work on Communication Systems VDES concept integrates several function of VHF Data Exchange: AIS + ASM + VDE + Sat Function of VDE: - VHF Data Exchange – Satellite – - Downlink -

IALA’s work on Communication Systems VDE satellite provides VHF Data Exchange beyond the radio coverage range of a shore infrastructure or where no shore infrastructure exists functions: data exchange outside shore station range data exchange ship<->satellite<->shore satellite uplink and satellite downlink allows for “real” communication including acknowledgement technical characteristic: satellite with VDE capability shares channels with VDE terrestrial satellite have VDE receiver and transmitter -> VDE satellite enables global coverage including polar regions

Development of VDES IALA’s input to ITU IALA has been a leading organization in the development of AIS 2007: ITU WRC 2007 invited IALA to contribute to studies on future use of spectrum 2008: “IALA’s vision and strategy for maritime systems propose a significant shift from analogue to digital communications in the VHF maritime band 2010: Request for Protection of AIS channels, Channels for Satellite AIS, Additional channels for ”Next Generation of AIS”, Spectrum resources for ”VHF Data Service” Sharing recourses between voice radio and digital data communication Efficient use of spectrum of RR Appendix 18 -> Initially only analog voice radio communication used the VHF maritime mobile band; ITU RR Appendix 18, -07 -08 -09 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 Analog to Digital Request for channels Request for specific Results from WRC 2012 Channel plan VDES VDES technic and use Invitation contribute WRC 2015

Development of VDES IALA’s input to ITU 2011: “IALA requests that ITU designate RR Appendix 18 channels 27 and 28 for AIS 5 and AIS 6 and the contiguous group of the 6 channels 24, 84, 25, 85, 26 and 86 for the VHF Data Exchange of safety and security related information“ 2012: ”IALA has encouraged its members to develop studies to result in input to justify the additional channel requirements” 2013: Updated plan for a VDES to ITU WP 5B, - Working Document toward Preliminary Draft New Recommendation ITU-R M. [VDES] - Proposed a channel plan incl usage of the channels Sharing recourses between voice radio and digital data communication Efficient use of spectrum of RR Appendix 18 -> Initially only analog voice radio communication used the VHF maritime mobile band; ITU RR Appendix 18, -07 -08 -09 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 Analog to Digital Request for channels Request for specific Results from WRC 2012 Channel plan VDES VDES technic and use Invitation contribute WRC 2015

IALA proposal for ITU-R M.[VDES]

IALA proposal for ITU-R M.[VDES] The liaison note includes an amended version of Annex 8 to Working Party 5B Chairman’s Report showing the amendments in tracked changes. IALA proposal for PDNR ITU-R M.[VDES] => Rec. + 7 Annexes

IALA proposal for ITU-R M.[VDES] - main document - Considering: IMO requirement for AIS, protection of AIS AIS for surveillance, tracking and VTS VDES provides capacity for maritime data communications Recognizing VDES must ensure DSC, AIS and voice distress, safety and calling communication (Channel 16), are not impaired Recommends VDES should be designed in accordance with the Annexes ASM considering Rec. ITU-R M.3171 and IMO SN Circ. 289 relevant technical requirements, recommendations and guidelines published by IMO, IEC and IALA

IALA proposal for ITU-R M.[VDES] Annex 1: Operational characteristics of a VHF data exchange system in the VHF maritime mobile band General: highest priority to AIS Receiving and transmitting messages Continuous operation in autonomous, assigned and polled modes TDMA technology Flexibility by minimized system complexity Use cases as in report ITU-R M.[VDES-SELECT]

Annex 1: VDES system functions Long range AIS 4.6 MHz separation VDE ship-shore transmit AIS-VDE ship receiving bandwidth

Annex 1: RR Appendix 18 channels for VDES RR App. 18 channel number Transmitting frequencies (MHz)   Ship stations (ship-to-shore) (long range AIS) Ship stations (ship-to- satellite) Coast stations Ship stations (ship-to-ship) Satellite-to-ship AIS 1 161.975 AIS 2 162.025 75 (long range AIS) 156.775 (ships are Tx only) N/A 76 (long range AIS) 156.825 (ships are Tx only) 2027 (ASM 1) 161.950 (2027) 2028 (ASM 2) 162.000 (2028) 24/84/25/85 (VDE 1) 24/84/25/85/26/86 (Ship-satellite, satellite-ship 100/150 kHz channel (24/84/25/85, lower legs (VDE1-A) merged) Ship-to-shore (24/84/25/85/26/86,) Ship-to- satellite (24/84/25/85, upper legs (VDE1-B) merged) Ship-to-ship, Shore-to-ship (24/84/25/85/26/86,) Satellite-to- ship 24 157.200 (1024) 161.800 (2024) 84 157.225 (1084) 161.825 (2084) 25 157.250 (1025) 161.850 (2025) 85 157.275 (1085) 161.875 (2085) 26 157.300 (1026) 161.900 (2026) 86 157.325 (1086) 161.925 (2086)

Annex 1: VDES engineer’s perspective

Annex 1: Structure of the document VDES architecture utilizes the Open Systems Interconnection layers 1 to 4 Layer 1: Physical layer raw bit streams over a physical medium tx / rx, modulation, synch. Layer 2: Link layer reliable transmission of data frames granting data transfer access Layer 3: Network layer priority assignments of messages distribution of transmission packets Layer 4: Transport layer reliable transmission of data segments segmentation, acknowledgement Application layer Presentation layer Session layer Transport layer Network layer Link layer Physical layer

Annex 1: Common Elements of the VDES Identification: Rec. ITU-R M.585 Frame Structure: concept of a one (1) minute frame, divided into 2250 slots, synchronized to UTC minute Presentation Interface: input, output of data via PI Forward Error Correction: encoding, interleaver, rate adaption Cyclic Redundancy Check: 32 bit ITU-T V.42 Antenna configurations for VDES ship stations Transmitter requirements for VDES ship stations: ≤ 25 W Shutdown procedure: tx ≤ 2 s Safety precautions

IALA proposal for ITU-R M.[VDES] Annex 1: Operational characteristics of a VHF data exchange system in the VHF maritime mobile band Annex 2: Technical characteristics of the Application Specific Message (ASM) channels for the VDES Annex 3: Technical characteristics of VDE-terrestrial Annex 4: Technical Characteristics of VDE satellite downlink Annex 5: Technical characteristics of VDE satellite uplink Annex 6: Resource Sharing Method for VDES Terrestrial and Satellite Services Annex 7: Original design considerations to validate the VDES concept

IALA proposal for ITU-R M.[VDES]

IALA proposal for ITU-R M.[VDES]

IALA Recommend Channel Plan A Channel Plan A assures coexistence of VHF voice radio, DSC, AIS, ASM and VDE (terrestrial & satellite) Channels in the low frequency range of the VHF maritime mobile band Channels in the high frequency range of the VHF maritime mobile band Chanel No. Frequency MHz Function Legend: 75 156.775 VHF Data Exchange 350 kHz 225 kHz AIS LR 16 156.800 70 156.525 DSC 500 kHz 76 156.825 1024 157.200 1084 157.225 1025 157.250 1085 157.275 1026 157.300 1086 157.325 4.45 MHz 2024 161.800 2084 161.825 2025 161.850 2085 161.875 2026 161.900 2086 161.925 ASM 1 ASM 2 AIS 1 AIS 2 2027 161.950 2028 162.000 xxxx 161.975 162.025 156.025 MHz 162.025 MHz Ship station analog voice transmission Coast station analog voice transmission VDE ship-shore transmit AIS-VDE ship receiving bandwidth